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初中英語基礎語法4-冠詞
冠詞五、冠詞(art.)用在名詞前,幫助說明其意義
冠詞分為不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the,放在名詞前、a/3n用在單數可數名詞前(a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的詞前)。
1.不定冠詞
(1)不定冠詞的用法
�、俜褐浮惾嘶蛭铩�
eg.This is a pencil case.
She’S a doctor.
�、谥覆痪唧w的某個人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.
�、塾迷谛驍翟~前,相當于another.
eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.
�、鼙硎尽懊俊▊€)”,相當于every.
eg.They have music lessons twice a week.
�、莨潭ù钆�。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠詞的位置
�、俨欢ü谠~—般放在所修飾的單數可數名詞前。
eg,a bike,an egg
②當名詞被such,what,many修飾時,不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
�、郛斆~前的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
④當名詞前面有形容詞和quite,rather,very時,不定冠詞放在quite,rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story
2.定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。
eg:l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.
�。�2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America.
�。�3)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。
eg: My shoes are under the bed.
�。�4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前。
eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.
�。�5)用在序數詞前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.
�。�6)yo用在世界上獨一無二的事物前(如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。
cg The moon moves round the earth.
�。�7)用在某些形容詞前,表示—類人或物。
the rich(富人),the poor(窮人),the deaf(聾人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(傷員)
�。�8)用在姓氏復數前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。
eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.
�。�9)用在樂器前。
eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.
(10)用于逢“十”的復數數詞前,指某個世紀中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。
eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.
I think he is in the thirties.
�。�11)用在某些專有名詞和習慣用語中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the(more)……
the(more)…“越…越…”
3.不用冠詞的情況
�。�1)名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時不用冠詞。
eg.That girl is my friend.
(2)名詞前有物主代詞my,your,his her,their等時不用冠詞。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
(3)名詞前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代詞時不用冠詞。
eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.
�。�4)復數名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.
�。�5)物質名詞表示種類時不用冠詞。
eg.Snow is white.
�。�6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。
eg.Does she like music?
�。�7)在球類運動和棋類游戲前時不用冠詞。
eg.play basketball/soccer/chess
�。�8)在三餐前不用冠詞。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
�。�9)在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January
(10)在學科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。
eg.My favorite is English.
�。�11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。
eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last
4.在有些詞組中,用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。
in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院)
in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監(jiān)獄里)
at table(吃飯,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某個范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個范圍之外的前面)
go to college(上大學);go to the college(去那所大學)
take place(發(fā)生);take the place(代替)
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