奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目介紹—水上運(yùn)動(dòng)

Aquatics (Olympic sport since 1896)

水上運(yùn)動(dòng)（1896年成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)正式比賽項(xiàng)目） 

　　The founding of the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) in 1908 was a pragmatic response to an increase in international sporting events, crowned by the Olympic Games. At the first modern Olympics in 1896, three swimming contests were held. However, no universally accepted rules, regulations or definitions governed the swimming events.

　　20世紀(jì)初，國(guó)際性的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)日漸增多，而奧運(yùn)會(huì)的出現(xiàn)則使這一趨勢(shì)達(dá)到頂峰。正是在這個(gè)時(shí)期，國(guó)際游泳聯(lián)合會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“國(guó)際泳聯(lián)”）于1908成立。在1896年首屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)上設(shè)置了３個(gè)游泳比賽項(xiàng)目。但當(dāng)時(shí)游泳比賽尚沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的競(jìng)賽規(guī)則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為有效應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況，國(guó)際游泳聯(lián)合會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“國(guó)際泳聯(lián)”，英文為FINA）于1908正式成立。

　　The Olymhttps://p.9136.com/1wpetitions prior to FINA had included a variety of unusual events such as underwater swimming (1900), 200m obstacle swimming (1900) and plunge for distance (1904). Prior to the London Olympics, where a 100m pool was used, the ocean (1896), the River Seine (1900), and a little lake in St. Louis, USA (1904), had been used as Olympic sites.

　　在國(guó)際泳聯(lián)成立以前，奧運(yùn)會(huì)游泳比賽曾包括一些非常規(guī)項(xiàng)目，如1900年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的潛泳、200米障礙泳以及1904年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的水上跳遠(yuǎn)等。奧運(yùn)會(huì)游泳賽場(chǎng)也是五花八門(mén)：1896年奧運(yùn)會(huì)游泳比賽是在海中進(jìn)行的，1900年奧運(yùn)會(huì)游泳比賽在塞納河中進(jìn)行，1904年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的游泳比賽則選在美國(guó)圣路易斯的一個(gè)小湖中舉行。直到倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)才開(kāi)始使用100米泳池。

　　In order to unify the rules and create a forum for international meetings, the leaders of the eight attending countries (Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary and Sweden) met on 19 July 1908 at the Manchester Hotel, London, on the occasion of the Games of the IV Olympiad, and resolved to form a world-wide swimming association. Priority decisions or goals were clear: to standardise the rules for swimming, diving and water polo; to obtain control of world records and to maintain an up-to-date list of these records; and finally, to ensure the direction of Olymhttps://p.9136.com/1wpetitions for swimming, diving and water polo.

　　為了統(tǒng)一游泳競(jìng)賽規(guī)則，建立一個(gè)國(guó)際泳壇的交流場(chǎng)所，在第四屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間，來(lái)自德國(guó)、比利時(shí)、丹麥、芬蘭、法國(guó)、英國(guó)、匈牙利和瑞典等

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