高考書(shū)面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯

　　近幾年的高考《考試說(shuō)明》中,關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔(很好)中有這樣一段話:"應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。"這就是說(shuō),學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。原來(lái)"要點(diǎn)完整,語(yǔ)言無(wú)誤,行文連貫,表達(dá)清楚"的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就落后了。

　　在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練最多的,學(xué)生們也最習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ);④主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ);⑤主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無(wú)生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受�？陀^形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開(kāi)拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。

　　首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。

　　一、改變時(shí)態(tài)

　　例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)

　　There goes the bell! (高級(jí))

　　二、改變語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)

　　It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí))

　　三、使用不定式

　　例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)

　　He is so kind as to help me.(高級(jí))

　　四、使用過(guò)去分詞

　　例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

　　Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí))

　�、贠nce it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

　　Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級(jí))

　　五、使用V-ing形式

　　例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

　　On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級(jí))

　　②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)

　　I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級(jí))

　　六、使用名詞性從句

　　例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)

　　The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高級(jí))

　�、贗 happened to have met him.(一般)

　　It happened that I had met him.(高級(jí))

　　③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

　　What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級(jí))

　　七、使用定語(yǔ)從句

　　例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)

　　The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級(jí))

　　八、使用狀語(yǔ)從句

　　例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)

　　No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高級(jí))

　�、贗f you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)

　　You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高級(jí))

　�、跧f she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)

　　Supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高級(jí))

　　九、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

 

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