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not only but also的用法
not only...but also 是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的一對(duì)連詞, 相當(dāng)中文的“不僅……而且”。下面將它的用法作一個(gè)歸納。
1、not only … but also 和兩個(gè)部分, 通常必須是對(duì)稱(chēng)的并列成分。例如, 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、連接兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)等等。
Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago.
不僅林先生而且他的兒子在兩年前都入了黨。(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ))
I not only play tennis but also practise shooting.
我不僅打網(wǎng)球, 還練習(xí)射擊。 (連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
He plays not only the piano but also the violin.
他不僅彈鋼琴, 也拉提琴。 (連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ))
They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.
他們不僅在課堂上說(shuō)英語(yǔ), 在宿舍里也說(shuō)。(連接兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
注意 ：下列句子是不規(guī)范的用法：
He not only plays the piano but also the violin.
因?yàn)閚ot only plays the piano 與 but also the violin 在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上不對(duì)稱(chēng)。
2、 not only 位于句首時(shí), 該句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太陽(yáng)不僅給了我們陽(yáng)光, 也給了我們熱量。
Not only did he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently.
他不僅英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的正確, 還說(shuō)得流利。
Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking.
這個(gè)小伙子不僅聰明, 也很勤奮。
3、not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。例如：
他們既不怕苦, 也不怕死。
誤 They don't fear not only hardship but also death.
正 They fear neither hardship nor death.
正 They don't fear either hardship or death.
4、not only … but also 連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)but also 后的名詞決定單、復(fù)數(shù)(就近原則)。例如：
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不僅學(xué)生們, 還有那位老師都反對(duì)該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(the teacher was...)
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
不僅那位老師, 還有學(xué)生們…… (the students were)
5. not only 不能拆開(kāi)使用, 但 but also 卻可以分開(kāi)使用。例如：
The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain, but some bridges were also washed away.
這個(gè)地區(qū)不僅受到了暴雨襲擊，而且部分橋梁也被沖走了。
6、在not only...but also 搭配中，可以只用but 或只用also, 甚至可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：
I not only heard it but ( also ) saw it.
我不僅聽(tīng)到了，而且看到了。
He was not only compelled to stay at home, ( but ) also forbidden to see his friend.
他不僅被近留在家里，還被禁止去看他的朋友。
She not only finished the task ahead of time, ( but also ) she came to help us.
她不僅提前完成了工作，還幫助我們。
7、可以用 but … too / as well 替代but also. 例如：
She not only sang well but danced gracefully too ( or as well ) .
她不僅歌唱得好，舞也跳得好。
8、還可以用 besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等替代 but also. 例如：
Not only was there no food, but also (或 furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition ) there was no water.
不僅沒(méi)有食物，也沒(méi)有水。
9、可以用 merely, just, simply 等替代 not only 中的 only. 例如：
They not merely ( 或 just, simply ) broke into his office and stole his books but also tore up his manus cripts.
他們不僅闖進(jìn)了他的辦公室，偷走了他的書(shū)，而且撕碎了他的手稿。
10、not only ... but also ... 相當(dāng)于... as well as ... 結(jié)構(gòu)。兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)的都是后面那一部分的內(nèi)容，翻譯時(shí) 要先譯 as well as 后面的詞。例如：
The child is not only healthy but also lively.
( = The child is lively as well as healthy. )
這孩子既健康又活潑。
It concerns not only me but also you.
( = It concerns you as well as me. )
這件事不但與我有關(guān), 而且也與你有關(guān)。
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