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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞講解
以下是小編為大家準(zhǔn)備的高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞講解，歡迎閱讀。
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
【考點(diǎn)分析】
1.對(duì)下列十種時(shí)態(tài)的考查：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 將來完成時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)
2.既考查時(shí)態(tài)又考查語(yǔ)態(tài);
3.考查動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物;
4.考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義;
5.考查動(dòng)詞詞組在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的介詞問題;
6.對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)慣句型的考查。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】
I.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)
do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
is/am/are doingwas/were doing
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)
has/have donehad done
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
has/have been doinghad been doing
一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)
will/shall do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do
was/were going to do
was/were(about)to do
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)
is/am/are donewas/were done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
is/am/are being donewas/were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)
has/have been donehad been done
一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)
will/shall be done
is/am/are going to be done
is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done
was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to be done
II.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
�、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等;
�、谥骶涫且话銓頃r(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來;
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
�、墼谝詇ere,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
注意：近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
雖然航海發(fā)生在過去，但是，海洋的名稱不會(huì)因此而變化，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
①表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;
�、诒硎景从�(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。
�、鄞嬉话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。
The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。
�、芘calways, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;
He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。
She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。
�、荽蠖鄶�(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
常見的有：
▲感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear
▲情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心態(tài)類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有類：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
①表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作;
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
�、诒硎緩倪^去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
�、郾硎尽霸�(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
—She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.
�、茉跁r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意：這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前完成, 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時(shí);試比較：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
She will call you when she gets home.
⑤短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,
break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說：He has joined the army three years.可采用：
▲“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.
▲“延續(xù)法”：He has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意：沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用, 但“in(over) the
past/last+時(shí)間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
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