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關(guān)于深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的若干問(wèn)題（雙語(yǔ)）(3)
我們著力依靠改革實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。從優(yōu)化供給和改善需求兩側(cè)精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力，主要運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)化辦法并輔之以差別化政策，有扶有控、有保有壓、有進(jìn)有退，既大力支持服務(wù)業(yè)和新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級(jí)，積極化解部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過(guò)剩矛盾，又加大棚戶區(qū)改造、中西部鐵路建設(shè)、城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)投資。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整步伐加快，特別是需求結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)、區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)等發(fā)生了可喜變化。消費(fèi)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到50%，同比提高4.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn);服務(wù)業(yè)占比達(dá)到46.1%，首次超過(guò)第二產(chǎn)業(yè);糧食產(chǎn)量超過(guò)1.2萬(wàn)億斤，實(shí)現(xiàn)“十連增”;中西部地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值增速快于東部地區(qū);農(nóng)村居民收入增幅繼續(xù)超過(guò)城鎮(zhèn)居民，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進(jìn)一步縮小。這既拉動(dòng)了當(dāng)期增長(zhǎng)，又為長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展鋪路搭橋。
We devoted major efforts to carrying out economic restructuring through reform. In a precision effort to optimize supply on the one side of the equation whilst improving demand on the other, we drew primarily on market forces backed by differentiated policies to support, guarantee, and advance certain sectors while controlling, scaling back, and withdrawing others. On the one hand, we engaged in major efforts to support the development of the service sector and emerging industries; promoted the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries; and worked actively to address the problem of serious excess production capacity in certain industries. On the other hand, we stepped up government investment in weak areas such as urban renewal, railway construction in central and western China, and urban infrastructure development. As a result of these efforts, the pace of our economic restructuring has picked up, and particularly pleasing developments have been seen in our demand, industrial, urban-rural, and regional structures. In 2013, consumption was responsible for 50% of China’s GDP, up 4.1 percentage points from the previous year; the service sector accounted for 46.1% of our GDP, surpassing the secondary industry for the first time; and grain output exceeded 600 million metric tons, increasing for the tenth consecutive year. At the same time, the economic growth of China’s central and western regions outpaced that of its eastern region, and rural incomes continued to grow at a faster rate than urban ones, signaling the further reduction of the urban-rural income gap. The initiatives we have taken in restructuring are not only driving our growth at present, but will also pave the way for development in the long term.
人無(wú)遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂。現(xiàn)在回過(guò)頭看，如果不是用改革的辦法，即簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式、著力調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)“三管齊下”，而是采取短期刺激政策，不僅去年的結(jié)果可能會(huì)大不一樣，而且今后幾年的日子也許會(huì)更難過(guò)�？扛母飫�(chuàng)新，既解決當(dāng)前突出問(wèn)題，又為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)，這是去年實(shí)踐給我們的深刻啟示。
Failing to plan for the long term will inevitably bring about trouble in the short term. Looking back now, if we had opted for short-term stimulus policies instead of turning to reform, that is, our three-way approach of streamlining administration and scaling back administrative power, adopting innovative approaches in macro-control, and carrying out economic restructuring, it is likely that last year would have played out very differently. Moreover, we would probably have created many difficulties for ourselves in the years ahead. Last year taught us that reform and innovation not only allow us to address the striking problems that we face in the short term, but also enable us to lay down a foundation for long-term development.
今后實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，仍然要靠改革。我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化深入推進(jìn)，區(qū)域發(fā)展回旋余地很大，今后一個(gè)時(shí)期保持經(jīng)濟(jì)中高速增長(zhǎng)是有潛力、有基礎(chǔ)的。但也要看到，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已進(jìn)入結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛期、增長(zhǎng)速度換擋期，到了爬坡過(guò)坎的緊要關(guān)口。不深化改革，發(fā)展就難有活力、難以持續(xù)，甚至可能陷入“中等收入陷阱”。我們要堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)改革，堅(jiān)決破除體制機(jī)制弊端，進(jìn)一步解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，把千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)群眾的積極性和創(chuàng)造性調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)，讓潛在的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)充分顯現(xiàn)，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。
To achieve sustained and healthy economic development in the future, we must continue to rely on reform. China is still in the midst of an important period of strategic opportunity in which it may achieve a great deal. With the continued progression of new models of industrialization, IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, we will find ourselves with ample space for development across different regions of China. This means that we have both the potential and the foundations to maintain a medium-high rate of economic growth for a period of time to come. However, we also need to be aware that China has entered a painful phase of economic restructuring, and a phase in which the country’s economic growth is undergoing a change of gear. In other words, we have come to a critical uphill stretch in our development. If we do not deepen reform, we will lose the momentum to keep on developing, and we may even risk falling into the “middle-income trap.” Therefore, we must advance reform with unbreakable resolve, resolutely remove the defects that are present in our systems and mechanisms, and promote the further liberation and development of productive forces. We must unleash the creativity and enthusiasm of millions upon millions of people, give full expression to our hidden strengths, and promote the steady development of our economy for years to come.
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