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高三英語高考必備答題技巧訓(xùn)練：短文改錯
導(dǎo)讀：短文改錯題檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力.進(jìn)而考察學(xué)生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平。那么怎樣找錯誤、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則：
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);
3.非謂語動詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。短文改錯解題四原則：改動以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯解題步驟：通讀全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲
反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)：
1.核對錯項(xiàng)時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項(xiàng)是否基本符合1：1：8的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。
2.核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯常見錯誤類型：
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致; ④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do，錯誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were，錯誤類型屬于③)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。Ill get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯誤 連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式，改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為盡管，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the，thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。Im sure well have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) Whatsmore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
7. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時);介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動名詞，talk改為talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應(yīng)改為going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)
8. 介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改為in，in myfamily 為固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引導(dǎo)從句)
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