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并列句與狀語從句講解
并列句與狀語從句講解
連詞是一種虛詞,不能在句子中單獨(dú)作句子成分,在句子中只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子以及從句的作用。
一、并列句與連詞(連接同一語法類型的詞、短語或句子)
1. 并列連詞的分類并列連詞按其作用可分為表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比、因果、選擇和并列四大類。
(1) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞
1. but(但是,可連接兩個(gè)句子,用逗號隔開;也可以放在句首)
2. yet (然而,盡管如此,連接兩個(gè)句子,用逗號隔開;也可以放在句首)
The car is old,yet it is in good condition.
注:yet也常放在完成時(shí)句尾表示還沒有,此時(shí)不是連詞,注意區(qū)分。
3. while (而,可是,表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ,不用加逗?
Lily likes go to school by bus while linda likes go to school by bike.
4. however (然而,但是),一般位于句首,單個(gè)使用后加逗號閱讀完型中常見到表轉(zhuǎn)折。 它們連接兩個(gè)意思不同,閱讀中遇到要注意。
(2) 表示因果的并列連詞
表示因果的并列連詞有:
1. for (因?yàn)? ①由并列連詞for 引導(dǎo)的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗號與前面的
分句隔開。②for 分句主要是對前一分句補(bǔ)充說明理由或推斷原因。③for 分句不能用來回答why 問句。She can’t go to school , for she is ill in bed.
2. so (所以) 可以連接兩個(gè)句子,中間有時(shí)用逗號隔開;也可以放在一個(gè)句子的句首。 例:The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m. , so we should go there later..
3. therefore (因此),用法和however類似,但詞義不一樣
(3) 表示選擇的并列連詞
表示選擇的并列連詞有:or (或者),either?or (不是??就是??,或者??或者??)
[注]①or用在祈使句中,意為“否則”,
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快點(diǎn),否則你就會(huì)遲到了。
②or用在否定句中表示并列關(guān)系。
They never dance or sing. 他們從不跳舞,也不唱歌。
③either?or?連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則。
(4) 表示并列關(guān)系的連詞(連接主語時(shí)注意謂語)
表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有:
1. and (和,而且) and ①用在肯定句中連接并列的成分,表示“和,而且”;②用在祈
使句中,意為“那么”Study hard, and you will succeed. 努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)取得成功。
2. both?and? () 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Both you and he are right.
3. as well as (也) [注]謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與as well as 前面的主語在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致。 I as well as he am a doctor. 我和他一樣,也是醫(yī)生。
4. not only?but also(不但??而且??)它連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則。
Not only I but also students are tired of take the examination.
5. neither?nor? (既不??也不??)它們用來連接兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句。
它連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則.
Neither you nor she has ever gone the USA. 你從來沒去過那,她也沒去過。
注:1.祈使句中and 表示那么,or表示否則
2.謂語就近原則there be,either?or?,neither?nor?,not only?but also
二、狀語從句與連詞
(1) 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞:(時(shí)間狀語從句服從主將從現(xiàn))
Before(把我們說過的例句寫下來讓他們填), after, when/while/as, since(自從,用于完成時(shí)+since+過去時(shí) ),not…until, as soon as(一。。就。。) 等。
① when和while用法區(qū)別:
while:She came in (點(diǎn)性)while I was doing(延續(xù)性)my homework. 我正在寫作業(yè)的時(shí)候她進(jìn)來了。
When: I was doing my homework when she came in.我正在寫作業(yè),這時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。 ② not…until,前加點(diǎn)性動(dòng)詞?隙ň鋾r(shí)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
③as soon as 的主將從現(xiàn)I’ll tell her as soon as I see her. 我一見到她就告訴她。
(2) 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞:(條件狀語從句服從主將從現(xiàn))
①if, 如果其引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示的前提或條件可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或正在進(jìn)行,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)。I will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.
③ as long as, You’ll pass the exam as long as you work harder.
④ unless等。 You’ll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
⑤ 祈使句+and/or+陳述句意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句
(3) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because, as, since, for等。
注意:如果原因是人們已經(jīng)知道的事實(shí),用since引導(dǎo),有既然的意思
(4) 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:
①so that:He put on his glasses so that he could see it clearly.
②in order that :1.與so as to 用法相同
2.注意它與in order to的區(qū)別
(5) 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的詞:
such?that, so?that,
She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
注:區(qū)別當(dāng)名詞前有many或much修飾時(shí),用so而不用such (so much time)
(6) 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞:where, wherever等。eg:
Sit wherever you like. 請隨便坐。
(7) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞:though(一般位于句中), although(一般位于句首), even if,
whatever, wherever, whenever等。
Although he was tired, he kept on working. 雖然他很累,但仍繼續(xù)工作。
(8) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞: than, as?as, more?than?, the+比較級,the+比較級等。
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。
Our city is smaller than that one. 我們的城市比那個(gè)城市小。
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