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“there be＋名詞＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
1. there be+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞：
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：
There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個(gè)男人。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動(dòng)。
有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示一種狀態(tài)：
There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難。
There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門通往花園。
有個(gè)別現(xiàn)在分詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)(正如它們可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)一樣)：
There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個(gè)人來(lái)吃晚飯。
2. there be+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞：
過(guò)去分詞表示一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生：
There is nothing written on it. 上面沒(méi)寫東西。
There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生。
有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表示一種狀態(tài)(可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))：
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。
There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車。
3. there be+賓語(yǔ)+不定式：不定式通常表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生：
There was nobody to look after the child. 沒(méi)有人照顧這孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要來(lái)給他送行。
There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能會(huì)有很大的損失，因此我們不能冒險(xiǎn)。
【注】當(dāng)其中的賓語(yǔ)與其后的不定式為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，也可用被動(dòng)式：
There is much work to do [to be done]. 有許多工作要做。
有時(shí)其中的不定式為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：
There is nothing to be afraid of. 沒(méi)什么可怕的。
What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 沒(méi)有什么值得羞愧的。
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