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初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
總結(jié)就是把一個(gè)時(shí)間段取得的成績(jī)、存在的問題及得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)進(jìn)行一次全面系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)的書面材料,它可以幫助我們總結(jié)以往思想,發(fā)揚(yáng)成績(jī),不如我們來制定一份總結(jié)吧?偨Y(jié)怎么寫才是正確的呢?以下是小編收集整理的初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié),歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 篇1
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
【—:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞】下面是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞知識(shí)的內(nèi)容講解,希望同學(xué)們很好的掌握。
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
根據(jù)其含義和句子功用,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(包括時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞等)。如:
He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,read為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)
He should read the story book. 他應(yīng)該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,red為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
上面對(duì)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞知識(shí)的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學(xué)們考試成功。
輔導(dǎo)之構(gòu)詞法
【—輔導(dǎo)之構(gòu)詞法】關(guān)于構(gòu)詞法的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),希望同學(xué)們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。
構(gòu)詞法
英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名詞:
、賱(dòng)詞+er/or
②動(dòng)詞+ing
、蹌(dòng)詞+(t)ion
④形容詞+ness
、萜渌,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容詞
:①名詞+y
、诿~+ful
、蹌(dòng)詞+ing/ed
④friendly
、載angerous
⑥Chinese; Japanese
、逧nglish
、郌rench
、酖erman
⑩國(guó)名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副詞:
、傩稳菰~+ly
②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、轉(zhuǎn)換法:
(1)形容詞→動(dòng)詞,如:dry(干燥的')→dry(弄干), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄干凈),等等。
(2)動(dòng)詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名詞→動(dòng)詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對(duì))等等。
(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什么時(shí)候)→(當(dāng)……時(shí)候),等等。
(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。
一般過去時(shí)用法的語(yǔ)法
【—一般過去時(shí)用法的】一般過去時(shí)表示在過去確定的時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或者是在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí),作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:
一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。
1)動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
一般過去式與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所表示的很相像,但一個(gè)表示過去,一個(gè)表示的是現(xiàn)在所發(fā)生的。
need語(yǔ)法
【—need】didn't need to do的意思是過去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。而needn't have done則表示過去不必做某事,但事實(shí)上做了。
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:need "不必做"和"本不該做"
didn't need to do表示: 過去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。
needn't have done表示: 過去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,沒有遇上John的車。)
典型例題
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意為 "本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正確,對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldn't have done, "不可能已經(jīng)"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 篇2
一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
謂語(yǔ):speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 英語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的,F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+spoken
一般過去時(shí):was/were+spoken
一般將來時(shí):will/shall be+spoken
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being+spoken
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were being+spoken
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has been+spoken
過去完成時(shí):had been + spoken
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
。1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。
。2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的.。
Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
。1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
。2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞)(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。
。3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后to仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、特殊情況
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
。2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
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