歷年考研英語翻譯精解(1994-2003)

98年　　翻譯題解：　　

71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.　　

句子分析：　　

      第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.　　      第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+ for +原因狀語從句�！　�

      1)主句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was... that...被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past　　

      2) for...引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句是一個系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what they were seeing是從句中的主語，that...是名詞表語the patterns and structures的定語從句。　　

      第三、詞的處理：

　　even more important (省略)更為重要的是

　　the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)

　　15 billion years ago 150億年前

完整的譯文：

　　71)但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　

72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　第二、句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個簡單句。

　　1)整體結(jié)構(gòu)是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是過去分詞短語作插入語，說明前面的名詞the Big Bang

　　3)后面的不定式短語是補語。

　　第三、詞的處理：

　　the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云

　　virtually 事實上，實際上，實質(zhì)上

　　the Big Bang 大爆炸理論

　　first put forward 首創(chuàng)的，開始提出的

　　in the 1920s 二十年代

　　to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位

　　explanation of the cosmos 對宇宙(起源論)的解釋

　　完整的譯文：

　　72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所必不可少的�！�

　73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.

　　第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：

　　1)主語+并列謂語Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分詞短語working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主語的定語。

　　第三、詞的處理：

　　working with 使用，以……為工作手段

　　ground-based detectors 陸基探測器

　　the South Pole 南極

　　balloon-borne instruments 球載儀器

　　are closing in on 正越來越近

　　structures 云系

　　findings 觀測結(jié)果

　　完整的譯文：

　　73)天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系，也許不久會報告他們的觀測結(jié)果。

　　74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“If引導(dǎo)的條件句，主句”。

　　2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和預(yù)想的一樣”。

　　3)another scientific idea和后面的短語a refinement of the Big Bang是同位語關(guān)系。

　　4)過去分詞短語called the inflationary universe theory作定語，修飾the Big Bang.

　　第三、詞的處理：

　　the small hot spots 小熱點

　　refinement 更完美，提煉，改進(jìn)

　　the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨脹說(理論)

　　完整的譯文：

        74)假如那些小熱點看上去同預(yù)計的一致，那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。

　　75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝的讓步狀語從句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd

　　2) consequence前后有多重定語。

　　3) and many astrophysicists have been convinced為被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　4) that it is true是賓語從句。

　　第三、詞的處理：　　cosmic inflation 宇宙膨脹說　　scientifically plausible consequence 科學(xué)上可信的推論　　in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理學(xué)　　convinced 被說服，相信　　for the better part of a decade 七八年來

　　完整的譯文：　　75)宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家七八年來一直認(rèn)為這一論說是正確的。

97年　　翻譯題解：　　71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句�！　�1)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句　　2)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中是存在句結(jié)構(gòu)there is an agreed account of human rights,　　3)which從句的先行詞是human rights，something后面是定語從句the world does not have.　　第三、詞的處理：　　Actually 事實上　　it主語代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問法，這種說法，isn't后面省略的詞應(yīng)該是so或true　　an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認(rèn)識　　human rights 人的權(quán)利，人權(quán)完整的譯文：　　71)事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權(quán)利有共同的認(rèn)識為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識并不存在。

　　72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句：Some philosophers argue that...　　2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句　　3)as part of...是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語�！　〉谌�、詞的處理：　　argue 論證　　a social contract 社會契約　　as part of 作為(是)……的一部分　　entitlements 利益，權(quán)利　　完整的譯文：　　72)有些哲學(xué)家論證說，權(quán)利只存在社會契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分�！　�

73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：　　1)it invites you to think that...后面是賓語從句。　　2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。　　3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語�！　〉谌�、詞的處理：　　leads ...to extremes 引向極端　　at the out

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