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2024高考試卷
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中,我們都不可避免地會(huì)接觸到試卷,經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí),究竟學(xué)到了什么?需要試卷來(lái)幫我們檢驗(yàn)。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,一份好的試卷是什么樣的呢?下面是小編整理的2024高考試卷,歡迎大家分享。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
語(yǔ) 文
本試卷共9頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2.答題時(shí)請(qǐng)按要求用筆。
3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。
4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(35分)
。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀I(本題共5小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
材料一:
土星5號(hào)火箭升空了!
它一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)上升,龐大的身軀穩(wěn)健有力。
阿姆斯特朗、柯林斯和奧爾德林被巨大的推力緊緊摁在座位上;鸺谒麄兩硐鲁掷m(xù)上升,各級(jí)火箭按照預(yù)定程序點(diǎn)火,第一級(jí)火箭、逃逸塔、第二級(jí)火箭一一分離。繞地球軌道飛行一周后,宇航員檢查了火箭和飛船狀況。第三級(jí)火箭再次點(diǎn)火,把飛船推向更遠(yuǎn)的高空。
當(dāng)?shù)厍虮凰Φ缴砗螅褪谴蛛x的時(shí)候:第三級(jí)火箭前端打開(kāi),哥倫比亞號(hào)從頂端彈出。鷹號(hào)(登月艙)在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命,這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛。哥倫比亞號(hào)的駕駛員柯林斯,讓飛船慢慢轉(zhuǎn)身!案鐐惐葋啞迸c“鷹”對(duì)接成功。宇航員告別土星5號(hào)的最后一級(jí)火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行。
終于抵達(dá)月球上空。阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林駕駛鷹號(hào)離開(kāi),向著月球越飛越近?铝炙柜{駛著哥倫比亞號(hào)孤獨(dú)地環(huán)繞月球飛行。此時(shí)此刻,那些遠(yuǎn)在地球上的人,不管是朋友還是陌生人,都時(shí)刻關(guān)注著、期待著……
預(yù)定著陸區(qū)在哪兒?宇航員們?nèi)λ褜。但是意外忽然發(fā)生:當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)著陸區(qū),鷹號(hào)已經(jīng)飛過(guò)了頭!數(shù)英里一閃而過(guò),舷窗外的月球變得崎嶇不平。家園遠(yuǎn)在萬(wàn)里之外,更無(wú)法奢望什么援手。此時(shí)此刻,他們能做的,只有保持鎮(zhèn)定,平穩(wěn)駕駛,繼續(xù)飛行。
看到了,就在不遠(yuǎn)處,那里平整而干凈!鷹號(hào)慢慢減速、緩緩下降。登月艙越來(lái)越低、越來(lái)越低……直到平穩(wěn)落地!此時(shí)此刻,在遙遠(yuǎn)的地球,人們鴉雀無(wú)聲、屏息聆聽(tīng)。
一個(gè)聲音從遙遠(yuǎn)的太空傳來(lái),那是阿姆斯特朗從月球發(fā)出的聲音:“這里是靜海基地,‘鷹’著陸成功!彼惓F届o,地球上的人們卻爆發(fā)出歡呼的聲音。隨后,阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林沿著舷梯爬下登月艙。
陌生、寂靜、壯麗的月球從此有了生命。
。ㄕ幾圆既R恩·弗洛卡《登月》,袁瑋譯)
材料二:
今年6月,聯(lián)合國(guó)外層空間事務(wù)辦公室舉行會(huì)議,中國(guó)科學(xué)家介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù),表示將于2018年底前將中繼衛(wèi)星發(fā)射至月球背面上空一個(gè)引力穩(wěn)定的位置,即地-月L2點(diǎn),這顆中繼衛(wèi)星將執(zhí)行為期三年的任務(wù)。新華社的報(bào)道沒(méi)有透露“嫦娥四號(hào)”發(fā)射的具體時(shí)間,只是說(shuō)將在2020年之前發(fā)射。自1976年蘇聯(lián)的“月球24號(hào)”抵達(dá)月球之后,中國(guó)的“嫦娥三號(hào)”首次于2013年在月球?qū)崿F(xiàn)軟著陸。它搭載的“玉兔一號(hào)”月球車共有6個(gè)輪子,在任務(wù)結(jié)束前共行駛了約114米。中國(guó)科學(xué)家在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果顯示,“玉兔一號(hào)”的探地雷達(dá)探測(cè)到其著陸點(diǎn)下方有9個(gè)明顯不同的地下層,表明該地區(qū)有著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)史,這與“阿波羅號(hào)”宇航員探索地區(qū)的情況有所不同。根據(jù)今年6月在聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議上發(fā)布的信息,“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的主要工程目標(biāo)包括進(jìn)行月球背面著陸和深空數(shù)據(jù)中繼。中國(guó)方面已邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)圍繞“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)建立合作關(guān)系。
。ㄕg自斯蒂芬·克拉克《中國(guó)計(jì)劃在2020年前登上月球背面》,2015年9月22日,英國(guó)“當(dāng)今天文學(xué)”網(wǎng))
材料三:
從古至今,人類舉頭望月,傳頌動(dòng)人神話,譜寫(xiě)優(yōu)美詩(shī)篇,卻很少有人意識(shí)到,億萬(wàn)年來(lái),月亮的“圖案”從未變化。月球繞地球一圈的公轉(zhuǎn)周期完全等于月球自轉(zhuǎn)周期,所以人們只能看到它固定朝向地球的一面,我們把月球背向地球的一面稱為“月背”。2019年1月11日,在北京航天飛行控制中心大廳里,科技人員見(jiàn)證了“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”順利完成“兩器互拍”,這標(biāo)志著“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)取得圓滿成功,我國(guó)成為世界上首個(gè)成功實(shí)施在月球背面軟著陸并巡視探測(cè)的國(guó)家。人類開(kāi)啟了探索月球背面的新紀(jì)元!
這是一次前無(wú)古人的科學(xué)探險(xiǎn)。月背探測(cè)是中國(guó)航天的首個(gè)世界第一,它具有巨大的科學(xué)和工程意義,是人類航天史上的重大突破!坝裢枚(hào)”凝聚著中國(guó)航天人的勇氣和智慧,像一位孤膽英雄,面對(duì)未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進(jìn)發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的悉心照料與陪伴,“玉兔二號(hào)”已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了人類月面巡視器生存時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的世界紀(jì)錄!坝裢枚(hào)”探測(cè)到了馮·卡門(mén)撞擊坑的地下結(jié)構(gòu)以及月球背面的最低溫度等,取得了一系列科學(xué)成果,為人類揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗。
本書(shū)完稿之際,我國(guó)首個(gè)火星探測(cè)器“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”已飛離地球,中國(guó)航天人的目光又隨之投向深空。我由衷期盼這本書(shū)能引領(lǐng)讀者走近探月、走近航天,滋潤(rùn)心中科學(xué)的幼苗,點(diǎn)燃胸中追夢(mèng)的火焰,更希望年輕人能夠沿著這一代航天人的足跡,不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大海。
(摘編自吳偉仁《<月背征途>推薦序》)
1. 下列對(duì)材料一中畫(huà)橫線語(yǔ)句的圖解,排序恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是( )
A. ⑥②④①⑤③ B. ②④①⑥③⑤ C. ⑥④①②⑤③ D. ②⑥①④③⑤
2. 下列對(duì)材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 土星5號(hào)“體型”龐大,因?yàn)樗枰烟右菟偷窃屡撍腿朐虑蜍壍溃贿^(guò)在飛行途中它會(huì)不斷地分離,以減輕自重。
B. 鷹號(hào)的著陸過(guò)程并不順利,飛船飛過(guò)了預(yù)定著陸區(qū),前方情況不明,但是兩位宇航員鎮(zhèn)定、冷靜地解決了突發(fā)問(wèn)題。
C. 2013年,“嫦娥三號(hào)”搭載“玉兔一號(hào)”在月球安全著陸,這為我國(guó)探月工程后續(xù)任務(wù)的實(shí)施打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
D. “玉兔二號(hào)”在月球的生存時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)了“玉兔一號(hào)”,它探測(cè)到了全新的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),為人類揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗。
3. 下列對(duì)材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的分析和評(píng)價(jià),正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 材料一中“此時(shí)此刻,那些遠(yuǎn)在地球上的人……期待著”“此時(shí)此刻……人們鴉雀無(wú)聲”等語(yǔ)句,烘托了登月艙即將著陸時(shí)的緊張氣氛。
B. 材料二引用我國(guó)學(xué)者在《科學(xué)》雜志上的研究成果,將“玉兔一號(hào)”和“阿波羅號(hào)”的探測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比對(duì),然后對(duì)后者提出質(zhì)疑。
C. 材料三使用“世界上首個(gè)”“首個(gè)世界第一”等詞語(yǔ),表明“嫦娥四號(hào)”探測(cè)器取得不凡成就,也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情。
D. 從材料一的成功登陸月面,到材料二“探測(cè)到……不同的地下層”,再到材料三的月背征途,可以看出人類在不斷地對(duì)未知事物進(jìn)行探索。
4. 《<月背征途>推薦序》對(duì)讀者了解這本書(shū)有哪些幫助?請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料三概括說(shuō)明。
5. “科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界,科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”,這在中國(guó)航天人身上是如何體現(xiàn)的?請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. A 4. ①提供背景信息:通過(guò)月背知識(shí)介紹,強(qiáng)調(diào)了月背探測(cè)的科學(xué)和工程意義,突出了中國(guó)航天的創(chuàng)新和突破。
、谕怀鰰(shū)本主旨:介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功,展示了中國(guó)在月球探測(cè)方面的成就。
、酃膭(lì)讀者追求夢(mèng)想,展望未來(lái)航天任務(wù):鼓勵(lì)讀者了解探月和航天知識(shí),激發(fā)科學(xué)興趣和探索精神。
5. ①?gòu)娜祟惖谝淮蔚巧显虑颍街袊?guó)航天人通過(guò)“嫦娥四號(hào)”和“玉兔二號(hào)”任務(wù)持續(xù)深入地探索月球,以及對(duì)月背的研究,都展現(xiàn)了全人類在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷探索和進(jìn)步,這體現(xiàn)了“科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界”的探索精神。
、谒麄?cè)趪?guó)際會(huì)議上分享探月任務(wù)的進(jìn)展,邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)合作,體現(xiàn)了開(kāi)放和合作的“無(wú)國(guó)界”態(tài)度。
、弁ㄟ^(guò)不斷的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和科學(xué)探索,取得了多項(xiàng)世界第一,展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)航天人的智慧和勇氣,體現(xiàn)了科學(xué)家有報(bào)效祖國(guó)、為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光的愛(ài)國(guó)情懷。
【解析】
【1題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確理解并運(yùn)用圖表信息的能力。
材料一畫(huà)線句首先闡述了“船箭分離”的過(guò)程:“第三級(jí)火箭前端打開(kāi),哥倫比亞號(hào)從頂端彈出”。而圖解中,②展現(xiàn)的是第三級(jí)火箭一開(kāi)始的全貌,④則體現(xiàn)了“彈出”的過(guò)程,故②④應(yīng)位于最前面。
然后,作者進(jìn)一步介紹了在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命的“鷹號(hào)(登月艙)”的樣貌特點(diǎn)“這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛”;接下來(lái),則是“飛船慢慢轉(zhuǎn)身”“‘哥倫比亞’與‘鷹’對(duì)接成功”的.過(guò)程。而觀察圖解,我們能很明顯地看到,①中哥倫比亞號(hào)方向與④有明顯不同,體現(xiàn)了“轉(zhuǎn)身”的過(guò)程,⑥中兩者接觸則體現(xiàn)了“對(duì)接成功”的過(guò)程,所以緊接著是①⑥。
最后,材料描述了宇航員們告別土星5號(hào)的最后一級(jí)火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行的過(guò)程。圖解中,③體現(xiàn)了合體后的“哥倫比亞”與“鷹”離開(kāi)火箭的過(guò)程,到⑤時(shí),它們已成為單獨(dú)的飛行體。因此最后是③⑤。
所以排序恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是:②④①⑥③⑤。
故選B。
【2題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并整合文中信息的能力。
A.“因?yàn)樗枰烟右菟偷窃屡撍腿朐虑蜍壍溃贿^(guò)在飛行途中它會(huì)不斷地分離,以減輕自重”曲解文意。土星5號(hào)的龐大體型不僅是為了送逃逸塔和登月艙入軌,還包括其他設(shè)備和燃料的需求,從而滿足其巨大的推力和運(yùn)載能力,以便將宇航員和飛船送入太空。而火箭在飛行過(guò)程中的分離是為了完成不同的任務(wù)階段,而不是為了減輕自重。
故選A。
【3題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析概括作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的能力。
B.“然后對(duì)后者提出質(zhì)疑”無(wú)中生有。材料二只是簡(jiǎn)單地提到了“玉兔一號(hào)”和“阿波羅號(hào)”探測(cè)到的情況有所不同,并沒(méi)有對(duì)“阿波羅號(hào)”提出質(zhì)疑。
C.“也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情”曲解文意。選項(xiàng)中的“表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得成功后激動(dòng)的心情”在材料三中沒(méi)有直接體現(xiàn),文中主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“嫦娥四號(hào)”探測(cè)器的成就,而非駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的心情。
D.“可以看出人類在不斷地對(duì)未知事物進(jìn)行探索”說(shuō)法片面。材料一、二、三的內(nèi)容確實(shí)展示了人類對(duì)未知事物的不斷探索,但材料二主要是針對(duì)未來(lái)的規(guī)劃,說(shuō)“在……探索”,不夠妥當(dāng)。
故選A。
【4題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生歸納內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的能力。
材料三中,作者通過(guò)描述月球背面(月背)的概念和特點(diǎn),即月球繞地球一圈的公轉(zhuǎn)周期完全等于月球自轉(zhuǎn)周期,人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,而另一面則是月背,這為讀者提供了關(guān)于月球的基本知識(shí)背景。由此,讀者或許可以更深入地了解月背探測(cè)的艱難,以及中國(guó)探測(cè)成功背后的科學(xué)、工程意義。
作者在推薦序強(qiáng)調(diào)了月背探測(cè)作為人類航天史上的重大突破和中國(guó)航天的首個(gè)世界第一的重要性,特別是詳細(xì)介紹了“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功,尤其是“玉兔二號(hào)”探測(cè)到的科學(xué)成果,如馮·卡門(mén)撞擊坑的地下結(jié)構(gòu)和月球背面的最低溫度等。這有助于讀者更加深入地了解中國(guó)航天的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和前景,從而幫助讀者理解這本書(shū)的核心內(nèi)容和價(jià)值。
根據(jù)材料三結(jié)尾作者的呼吁“我由衷期盼這本書(shū)能引領(lǐng)讀者走近探月、走近航天……不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大!笨芍,作者通過(guò)這本書(shū)的推薦序,鼓勵(lì)讀者走近探月、走近航天,并希望年輕人能夠不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索未知的太空世界,這種激勵(lì)和鼓舞對(duì)于讀者來(lái)說(shuō)是一種重要的精神力量。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生探究問(wèn)題,提出自己見(jiàn)解的能力。
對(duì)這句話,可以分成兩部分來(lái)理解。
首先,“科學(xué)無(wú)國(guó)界”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是科學(xué)是人類智慧的結(jié)晶,是屬于全人類的財(cái)富,理應(yīng)為全人類服務(wù),展現(xiàn)的是一種開(kāi)放態(tài)度。而材料一中火箭的各級(jí)分離、飛船的對(duì)接、鷹號(hào)的著陸等細(xì)節(jié),突顯了人類首次登月的偉大成就和技術(shù)復(fù)雜性。材料二介紹了中國(guó)“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)的計(jì)劃和進(jìn)展。材料三則聚焦于“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功實(shí)施,特別是“玉兔二號(hào)”在月球背面的探測(cè)成果。整體來(lái)看,文章通過(guò)對(duì)比歷史與現(xiàn)狀,展示了人類在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷探索和進(jìn)步。這種探索精神,是屬于全人類的寶貴精神財(cái)富,是“無(wú)國(guó)界”的;
此外,在材料一中,我們可以看到,人類第一次登月這一盛事,獲得了全人類關(guān)注;而材料二最后還提到“中國(guó)方面已邀請(qǐng)國(guó)際社會(huì)圍繞‘嫦娥四號(hào)’探月任務(wù)建立合作關(guān)系”,可見(jiàn)中國(guó)在取得月球探測(cè)領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先地位的同時(shí),并沒(méi)有閉門(mén)造車,搞封閉戰(zhàn)術(shù),而是秉持著和國(guó)際合作的開(kāi)放態(tài)度。這充分體現(xiàn)了開(kāi)放和合作的“無(wú)國(guó)界”態(tài)度。
而“科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”體現(xiàn)的則是科學(xué)家的愛(ài)國(guó)精神但科學(xué)事業(yè)的發(fā)展和科學(xué)家的命運(yùn)都與自己的國(guó)家有著密切的關(guān)系。因此,可從材料中檢索與此相關(guān)的信息。比如,材料三“‘玉兔二號(hào)’凝聚著中國(guó)航天人的勇氣和智慧,像一位孤膽英雄,面對(duì)未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進(jìn)發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團(tuán)隊(duì)的悉心照料與陪伴”等內(nèi)容,展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)航天人為了國(guó)家科技發(fā)展不懈奮斗的精神,以及對(duì)于中國(guó)在探月領(lǐng)域的不斷進(jìn)步的自豪。這些,都體現(xiàn)了“科學(xué)家有祖國(guó)”的愛(ài)國(guó)精神。
。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀II(本題共4小題,16分)
閱讀下面文字,完成下面小題。
千里江山圖(節(jié)選)
孫甘露
葉桃離開(kāi)上海去了南京。那時(shí)候陳千里還不明白,為什么她那么不喜歡父親葉啟年做的事情,自己卻又加入進(jìn)去。后來(lái)他才知道,葉桃去的地方是國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,在葉啟年的安排下,她成了機(jī)要室干事。
當(dāng)時(shí)他反復(fù)問(wèn)過(guò)自己:難道在上海,兆豐花園、夕陽(yáng)、早春的湖水、水面上一對(duì)天鵝,這些都是他在做夢(mèng)?難道他們手握著手、心怦怦跳時(shí)說(shuō)的話,都只是分別前一時(shí)的沖動(dòng)?他一直都很清楚,在他們兩個(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)。
新閘路樓上的廂房,他坐在窗下,她坐在梳妝臺(tái)前,他們?cè)谡f(shuō)話,他看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)她,一個(gè)在面前,一個(gè)在鏡子里。他完全沉浸在話題中,可說(shuō)著說(shuō)著,她忽然站起身,急匆匆奔出了家門(mén)。他心里總是隱隱覺(jué)得,別處某個(gè)地方,必定有一件更加重要的事情在等著她。
一年以后,陳千里也去了南京。
他在石婆婆巷租了一間小屋。白天他給書(shū)局做翻譯,等著葉桃下班。有時(shí)她給他打電話(巷口煙紙店有一臺(tái)公用電話),讓他去她上班的地方,她也會(huì)支使他做一點(diǎn)事情,到哪家鋪?zhàn)淤I一包點(diǎn)心,或者去裁縫店取幾件衣服。
只要葉啟年不在南京,瞻園對(duì)葉桃來(lái)說(shuō)就是一個(gè)十分自由自在的地方。那是個(gè)大園子,據(jù)說(shuō)從前是座王府,門(mén)前有影壁,園里有假山。機(jī)要室在園子最北面,過(guò)了假山就能看見(jiàn)那排平房。他到了那里,讓門(mén)房打個(gè)電話,葉桃就會(huì)出來(lái)接他,有時(shí)候也會(huì)讓門(mén)房送他,到后來(lái)門(mén)房索性讓他自己進(jìn)去。在記憶里,那幾個(gè)月過(guò)得特別安寧,葉桃也特別快樂(lè)。她好像找到了真正有意思的工作。
他們?nèi)ッ坊ㄉ,正是早春二月,虬枝上開(kāi)滿梅花,山坡上像籠罩了粉色云霧。他們心心相印,覺(jué)得整個(gè)世界退卻到遠(yuǎn)處,眼前只剩下梅樹(shù)、藍(lán)天和那張臉龐。他們滿心喜悅,一起背誦著涅克拉索夫:“他們說(shuō)暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨,我不禁露出微笑。”
但是世界仍舊在這里,葉桃置身其中的環(huán)境十分危險(xiǎn),瞻園里有許多陰鷙的壯漢、狼狗、不許人碰的文件和禁止入內(nèi)的警示牌。從園北假山后面偶爾會(huì)傳出一兩聲慘叫。后來(lái)在棲霞山上,葉桃告訴他,那里是黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,是葉啟年參與搭建、充斥著陰謀和殺戮的世界。
直到最后那個(gè)月,他才知道她究竟在做什么工作,雖然他早些時(shí)候就猜到了一些。現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他:她真正在做的是一些秘密工作,這些工作對(duì)她意義重大。而他心里很明白,她所做的那些事情,很可能是去破壞她父親的工作。但在讓他知道真相前,她就為他指明了方向,讓他了解了一個(gè)人應(yīng)該投身于什么樣的事業(yè),才會(huì)讓人生變得更有意義。
她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他。即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫(xiě)信,這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞,F(xiàn)在他才理解,寫(xiě)那些信她多少冒了一點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),幸虧她在瞻園上班,有辦法不讓這些信落到郵電檢查人員手中。她還托人給他捎書(shū)和雜志:《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》《遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)信》《布爾什維克》,還有她喜歡的涅克拉索夫詩(shī)集。
端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃給石婆婆巷煙紙店打了個(gè)電話。那些日子他很少見(jiàn)到葉桃,她好像整天都非常忙碌,就算見(jiàn)到他也很沉默,問(wèn)多了,她會(huì)忽然發(fā)火。在電話里葉桃讓他去瞻園,去之前先到秦淮河邊的城南茶食鋪,幫她買一包閩南橘紅糕。葉桃一直喜歡吃零食,在上海時(shí)他就常幫她跑腿,到了南京,她的很多舊習(xí)慣都消失了,但喜歡吃零食這一樣依然如故。除了這家的橘紅糕和酥糖,她還喜歡一個(gè)挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,總是在瞻園門(mén)口那一帶叫賣。
他買了橘紅糕,卻在瞻園門(mén)口被人攔住了。幾個(gè)月來(lái),南前北后兩道門(mén),幾班門(mén)房都認(rèn)識(shí)他了,見(jiàn)他進(jìn)門(mén),連忙打電話到機(jī)要室找葉干事。葉桃告訴門(mén)房,今天她不能離開(kāi)保密區(qū)域,叫門(mén)房登記一下,讓陳千里自己進(jìn)去。
陳千里在機(jī)要室那一排平房里見(jiàn)到了葉桃。她吃了一粒橘紅糕,說(shuō),今天這個(gè)橘紅糕怎么那么干?這放了多久呀?生氣地扔到一邊,冷冷地半天不理他,機(jī)要室里另外兩個(gè)女人同情地朝他微笑。過(guò)了一陣,葉桃又叫他:“幫我到門(mén)口買碗桂花糖芋苗!
剛剛進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)陳千里并沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)瞻園門(mén)口有挑擔(dān)叫賣的小販。但他沒(méi)說(shuō)什么,每次葉桃讓他到門(mén)口買桂花糖芋苗,那個(gè)小販總會(huì)出現(xiàn)在那里。
“如果沒(méi)看見(jiàn),你就往前跑到馬府街,他一般就在這幾個(gè)地方!
他提著保溫筒出來(lái),門(mén)房朝他笑。出了瞻園,果然看見(jiàn)擔(dān)子在那里。小販揭開(kāi)蓋子擱在一邊,從大鍋里舀了幾勺紅艷艷、香噴噴的芋羹,裝進(jìn)提筒,往里撒了點(diǎn)桂花末子,又拿起抹布擦了擦蓋子,蓋上,收錢(qián)。陳千里把糖芋苗拿進(jìn)機(jī)要室,葉桃喝了一口,這才露出滿意的笑容。
幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去。葉啟年在廣州破獲了共產(chǎn)黨地下組織,逮捕了廣東的負(fù)責(zé)人歐陽(yáng)民。由于情報(bào)送出及時(shí),與歐陽(yáng)民有聯(lián)系的上級(jí)黨組織全都撤離了。
他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷。犧牲前,她告訴陳千里自己是共產(chǎn)黨員,從前沒(méi)有告訴他,是因?yàn)樗茳h組織派遣潛伏在國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科,必須保守秘密,但現(xiàn)在她可以說(shuō)了。她說(shuō)她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認(rèn)為經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間的考驗(yàn),已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,她希望他將來(lái)能成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
。ㄓ袆h改)
6. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解,正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. “他看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)她,一個(gè)在面前,一個(gè)在鏡子里”,說(shuō)明葉桃的性格活潑多變,讓年輕的陳千里琢磨不透。
B. 葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,表明她很適應(yīng)南京休閑的日常生活。
C. 端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃把陳千里買的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,反映出她斗爭(zhēng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻不能很好地控制情緒。
D. “現(xiàn)在她可以說(shuō)了”而“從前沒(méi)有告訴他”,表明葉桃與戀人相處時(shí)也嚴(yán)格遵守地下工作的保密紀(jì)律。
7. 下列對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 寫(xiě)葉桃和陳千里在梅花山背誦詩(shī)句,既表現(xiàn)出兩人的精神風(fēng)采,也點(diǎn)出時(shí)代氛圍。
B. 選擇壯漢、狼狗、秘密文件、警示牌、慘叫等來(lái)寫(xiě)瞻園,凸顯其陰森殘酷。
C. 描寫(xiě)機(jī)要室另兩個(gè)女人微笑以及門(mén)房笑的細(xì)節(jié),用以反襯一種緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥铡?/p>
D. 文本記敘葉桃和陳千里在上海與南京的經(jīng)歷,將個(gè)人愛(ài)情與革命斗爭(zhēng)交融在一起。
8. 文中畫(huà)線處說(shuō)“在他們兩個(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”,又說(shuō)“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”,請(qǐng)談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻?/p>
9. 文本中頻頻出現(xiàn)“一年以后”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái)”“他知道這情況時(shí)”之類標(biāo)示時(shí)間線索的語(yǔ)句,產(chǎn)生了怎樣的敘述效果?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】6. D 7. C
8. ①兩人日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開(kāi),但依然通過(guò)多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
、谌~桃思想上更早覺(jué)悟,先于陳千里參加革命,又引導(dǎo)他走上革命道路;
、垭m然葉桃后來(lái)在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,但她永遠(yuǎn)活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承。
9. ①整體上回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、诰唧w事件的敘述基本按照時(shí)間順序交代,情節(jié)脈絡(luò)清楚;
、壅宫F(xiàn)出人物的成長(zhǎng)歷程,使人物形象更豐滿;
、芡ㄟ^(guò)敘述時(shí)間的跳躍,過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)相交織,將謎團(tuán)逐一解開(kāi),行文跌宕起伏。
【解析】
【6題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容,篩選并概括文中信息的能力。
A.“說(shuō)明葉桃的性格活潑多變”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文第三段內(nèi)容可知,此處是說(shuō)明陳千里感到葉桃的工作重要并且神秘。
B.“表明她很適應(yīng)南京休閑的日常生活”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔(dān)小販的桂花糖芋苗,是為了給黨組織送情報(bào)。
C.“反映出她斗爭(zhēng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻不能很好地控制情緒”分析錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“他提著保溫筒出來(lái)”“保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,葉桃把陳千里買的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,是想辦法讓陳千里把緊急情報(bào)送出去,及時(shí)交給黨組織。
故選D。
【7題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞的能力。
C.“用以反襯一種緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥铡狈治鲥e(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“機(jī)要室里另外兩個(gè)女人同情地朝他微笑”“他提著保溫筒出來(lái),門(mén)房朝他笑”可知,機(jī)要室另兩個(gè)女人微笑以及門(mén)房的笑容并沒(méi)有反襯緊張?jiān)幃惖臍夥,反而是表現(xiàn)了一種日常的、相對(duì)輕松的氛圍,與葉桃和陳千里的關(guān)系和情感互動(dòng)有關(guān)。
故選C。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文中重要句子的含意的能力。
、?gòu)木渥颖韺右馑挤治觯骸八恢倍己芮宄谒麄儍蓚(gè)人當(dāng)中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”說(shuō)明在葉桃與陳千里兩人的日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開(kāi);根據(jù)“即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫(xiě)信”說(shuō)明“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指葉桃雖然不在陳千里身邊,但依然通過(guò)多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
②從句子深層含義分析:根據(jù)原文“這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞。現(xiàn)在他才理解,寫(xiě)那些信她多少冒了一點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”是因?yàn)槿~桃思想上更早覺(jué)悟,先于陳千里參加革命,通過(guò)文中對(duì)葉桃與陳千里交往的描寫(xiě),結(jié)合原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報(bào)。他在不知不覺(jué)中把情報(bào)送了出去”可知,“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指葉桃引導(dǎo)陳千里走上了革命道路;
、蹚木渥忧楦袃(nèi)涵分析:根據(jù)原文最后“她說(shuō)她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認(rèn)為經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間的考驗(yàn),已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,她希望他將來(lái)能成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個(gè)”是指葉桃在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,而陳千里繼續(xù)革命;“她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正離開(kāi)過(guò)他”是指雖然葉桃后來(lái)在斗爭(zhēng)中犧牲,但她永遠(yuǎn)活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承,陳千里會(huì)向她希望的一樣,成為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文中重要語(yǔ)句產(chǎn)生的敘述效果的能力。
、?gòu)男≌f(shuō)內(nèi)容分析:根據(jù)選文“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線索語(yǔ)句,說(shuō)明小說(shuō)內(nèi)容是回憶的故事,小說(shuō)整體上是回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、趶那楣(jié)脈絡(luò)分析:“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線索的語(yǔ)句,使陳千里去南京,葉桃潛伏在國(guó)民黨黨務(wù)調(diào)查科并保守秘密,幫助黨組織考驗(yàn)陳千里,陳千里知道事情的真相等具體情節(jié)的敘述基本按照時(shí)間順序交代,使文章情節(jié)脈絡(luò)清楚明了;
、蹚娜宋镄蜗蠓治觯何闹羞@些標(biāo)示時(shí)間線索的語(yǔ)句,從“過(guò)去”到“現(xiàn)在”,通過(guò)時(shí)空轉(zhuǎn)換,展現(xiàn)出陳千里這一人物在葉桃的幫助下由疑惑到明白,逐漸成長(zhǎng)的漫長(zhǎng)歷程,使小說(shuō)中葉桃這一人物形象更豐滿;
、軓男形奶厣治觯骸耙荒暌院螅惽Ю镆踩チ四暇薄艾F(xiàn)在想來(lái),說(shuō)不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時(shí),葉桃已身負(fù)重傷”這些語(yǔ)句敘述時(shí)間,由“過(guò)去”直接轉(zhuǎn)到“現(xiàn)在”,具有跳躍性,通過(guò)陳千里這一人物的銜接,使小說(shuō)內(nèi)容將過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)相交織,將葉桃所做的事的謎團(tuán)逐一解開(kāi),這樣的銜接使行文跌宕起伏,更能吸引讀者的閱讀興趣。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀(35分)
(一)文言文閱讀(本題共5小題,20分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
材料一:
文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木①,過(guò)其閭,未嘗不軾也。秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:“魏君賢人是禮國(guó)人稱仁上下和合未可圖也!蔽暮钣纱说米u(yù)于諸侯。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
上欲廢太子,立戚夫人子趙王如意。呂后恐,乃使建成侯呂澤劫留侯,強(qiáng)要曰:“為我畫(huà)計(jì)!绷艉钤唬骸邦櫳嫌胁荒苤抡,天下有四人。今公誠(chéng)能無(wú)愛(ài)金玉璧帛,令太子為書(shū),卑辭安車,因使辯士固請(qǐng),宜來(lái)。上知此四人賢,則一助也。”漢十二年,上從擊破布軍歸,疾益甚,愈欲易太子。及燕,置酒,太子侍。四人從太子,年皆八十有余,須眉皓白,衣冠甚偉。上怪之,問(wèn)曰:“彼何為者?”四人前對(duì),各言名姓。上乃大驚,曰:“吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?”四人皆曰:“陛下輕士善罵,臣等義不受辱,故恐而亡匿。竊聞太子為人仁孝,恭敬愛(ài)士,天下莫不延頸欲為太子死者,故臣等來(lái)耳!鄙显唬骸盁┕易湔{(diào)護(hù)太子!彼娜藶閴垡旬,趨去。上起去,罷酒。竟不易太子者,留侯本招此四人之力也。
(節(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
論者或曰:“魏文式段干木之閭,秦兵為之不至,非法度之功。雖全國(guó)有益,非所貴也!狈蚍ǘ戎φ,謂何等也?養(yǎng)三軍之士,明賞罰之命,嚴(yán)刑峻法,富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵,此法度也。六國(guó)之亡,皆滅于秦兵。六國(guó)之兵非不銳,士眾之力非不勁也,然而至于破亡者,強(qiáng)弱不敵,眾寡不同,雖明法度,其何益哉?使童子變孟賁之意②,孟賁怒之,童子操刃與孟賁戰(zhàn),童子必不勝,力不如也。孟賁怒,而童子修禮盡敬,孟賁不忍犯也。秦之與魏,孟賁之與童子也。夫力少則修德,兵強(qiáng)則奮威。秦以兵強(qiáng),威無(wú)不勝。卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。高皇帝議欲廢太子,呂后患之,子房教以敬迎四皓而厚禮之,太子遂安。夫太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議,猶魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵也。
(節(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
[注]①段干木:戰(zhàn)國(guó)初魏國(guó)名士。②孟賁:戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)勇士。
10. 材料一畫(huà)波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句,請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
魏君賢A人B是禮C國(guó)人D稱仁E上下F和G合H未可圖也。
11. 下列對(duì)材料中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō),不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 燕,同“宴”,指宴飲,成語(yǔ)有“新婚燕爾”,其中的“燕”字意思與此相同。
B. 怪,以……為怪,意動(dòng)用法,與《師說(shuō)》中“不恥相師”的“恥”用法相同。
C. 為壽,向尊長(zhǎng)敬酒并祝長(zhǎng)壽,《鴻門(mén)宴》“沛公奉卮酒為壽”的禮儀與此相同。
D. 式,同“軾”,指扶軾,與《周亞夫軍細(xì)柳》“改容式車”的“式”意思相同。
12. 下列對(duì)材料有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 魏文侯曾經(jīng)師從子夏學(xué)習(xí)儒家經(jīng)藝,他崇禮敬賢,在諸侯之中享有美譽(yù)。每次乘車經(jīng)過(guò)名士段干木居住的里巷時(shí),他一定會(huì)行禮致意。
B. 漢高祖想廢掉太子,改立趙王如意,呂后為此十分恐慌,派人強(qiáng)行要留侯出主意,留侯認(rèn)為如請(qǐng)到漢高祖景仰已久的四位賢人,將會(huì)對(duì)太子有利。
C. 四位賢人表示太子仁孝愛(ài)士,漢高祖打消了廢太子念頭,希望他們好好輔助太子;四人本是留侯親自招來(lái)的,這也是沒(méi)有另立太子的一個(gè)因素。
D. 王充認(rèn)為,假如有兒童持刀與孟賁相斗,兒童肯定不能取勝;如果兒童對(duì)孟賁恭敬有加,孟賁就不忍心傷害,魏國(guó)與秦國(guó)的情況正與此相類似。
13. 把材料中畫(huà)橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
。1)吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?
。2)卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。
14. 王充認(rèn)為,“太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議”猶如“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”,請(qǐng)根據(jù)材料分析二者的相似之處。
【答案】10. CEH
11. A 12. C
13. (1)我訪求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?
。2)撤回軍隊(duì),不去侵犯魏國(guó)領(lǐng)土,是因?yàn)榍剀娮鹬囟胃赡静傩匈t良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。
14. 敬賢禮士:太子敬重四皓,魏文侯禮敬段干木,都是通過(guò)尊重賢士來(lái)贏得他們的支持。
化解危機(jī):太子通過(guò)敬重四皓,化解了漢高祖廢太子的危機(jī);魏文侯通過(guò)禮敬段干木,使得秦國(guó)不敢輕易進(jìn)攻魏國(guó)。
德行感化:太子和魏文侯都通過(guò)自己的德行感化了賢士,使得他們?cè)敢鉃槠湫Я,從而達(dá)到了保全自己的目的。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:魏君對(duì)賢人特別敬重,魏國(guó)人都稱贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取。
“賢人是禮”是賓語(yǔ)前置句,意思是“禮賢人”,做“魏君”的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),在后面C處斷開(kāi)。
“國(guó)人稱仁”是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),在后面的E處斷開(kāi)。
“上下和合”是主謂結(jié)構(gòu),在后面的H處斷開(kāi)。
故選CEH。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解和掌握文言文一詞多義現(xiàn)象、詞類活用現(xiàn)象和古代文化常識(shí)的能力。
A.錯(cuò)誤。同“宴”,宴飲/同“宴”,安樂(lè),歡樂(lè)。句意:等到安閑的時(shí)候,設(shè)置酒宴。/棄婦訴說(shuō)原夫再娶與新歡作樂(lè),后反其意,用作慶賀新婚之辭。形容新婚時(shí)的歡樂(lè)。
B.正確。怪,以……為怪,意動(dòng)用法/恥,以……為恥,意動(dòng)用法。句意:皇上感到奇怪。/不以互相學(xué)習(xí)為恥。
C.正確。向尊長(zhǎng)敬酒并祝長(zhǎng)壽。句意:四個(gè)人敬酒祝福已畢。/劉邦獻(xiàn)上一杯酒向項(xiàng)伯祝酒。
D.正確。同“軾”,車前橫木。此用為動(dòng)詞,古人立而乘車,低頭扶軾以表敬意的禮節(jié)。句意:魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過(guò),手扶車軾表示敬意。/表情嚴(yán)肅起來(lái),扶著車前橫木俯下身子,表示敬意。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“留侯親自招來(lái)的”錯(cuò)誤,“留侯本招此四人之力也”是說(shuō)這四個(gè)人原本是留侯推薦,呂后“令太子為書(shū),卑辭安車,因使辯士固請(qǐng)”,最終招致而來(lái)的,不是“留侯親自招來(lái)的”。
故選C。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解和翻譯文言文句子的能力。
。1)“辟”,通“避”,逃避,躲避;“自”,自愿;“游”,交游。
。2)“……者,……也”,……的原因是……,……是因?yàn);“賢”,以……為賢;“高”,形容詞做動(dòng)詞,推崇。
【14題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選信息和概括分析、比較材料的能力。
王充的觀點(diǎn)從行動(dòng)、效果、策略上點(diǎn)明了二者的相似之處。
從行動(dòng)上看,“太子敬厚四皓”,材料二指出“太子為書(shū),卑辭安車,因使辯士固請(qǐng)”,四皓是當(dāng)時(shí)著名隱士;“魏文式段干木之閭”,材料一指出“文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木,過(guò)其閭,未嘗不軾也”,子夏是“孔門(mén)十哲”之一。“太子”“文侯”都禮敬賢士。
從效果上看,“以消高帝之議”,材料二指出“上欲廢太子……上曰:‘煩公幸卒調(diào)護(hù)太子!共灰滋印;“卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”,材料一指出“秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:‘魏君賢人是禮,國(guó)人稱仁,上下和合,未可圖也’”,材料三補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明“秦兵為之不至”。二人都巧妙化解了危機(jī)。
從策略上看,王充認(rèn)為“強(qiáng)弱不敵,眾寡不同”“力少則修德”。“以敬迎四皓而厚禮之,太子遂安”“消高帝之議”和“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強(qiáng)秦之兵”都是采用了“修德”的策略,達(dá)到了保全自己的目的。
參考譯文:
材料一:
文侯師從子夏學(xué)經(jīng)書(shū),以客禮對(duì)待段干木,經(jīng)過(guò)他的鄉(xiāng)里,沒(méi)有一次不憑軾敬禮的。秦國(guó)曾想進(jìn)攻魏國(guó)。有人說(shuō):“魏君對(duì)賢人特別敬重,魏國(guó)人都稱贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取!蔽暮钜虼说玫街T侯的贊譽(yù)。
(節(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
皇上想廢掉太子,立戚夫人生的兒子趙王如意。呂后很害怕,就派建成侯呂澤脅迫留侯,竭力要挾說(shuō):“一定得給我出個(gè)主意!绷艉钫f(shuō):“回想皇上不能招致而來(lái)的,天下有四個(gè)人,F(xiàn)在您果真能不惜金玉璧帛,讓太子寫(xiě)一封信,言辭謙恭,駕著(用四匹馬拉的)安車,趁機(jī)派能言善辯之士懇切地聘請(qǐng),他們應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)來(lái)。皇上知道這四個(gè)人賢能,那么這對(duì)太子是一大幫助!睗h十二年,皇上隨著擊敗黥布的軍隊(duì)回來(lái),病勢(shì)更加沉重,愈發(fā)想更換太子。等到宴飲的時(shí)候,設(shè)置酒宴,太子在旁侍奉。那四人跟著太子,他們的年齡都已八十多歲,須眉潔白,衣冠非常奇特;噬细械狡婀,問(wèn)道:“他們是干什么的?”四個(gè)人上前對(duì)答,各自說(shuō)出姓名;噬嫌谑谴篌@說(shuō):“我訪求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?”四人都說(shuō):“陛下輕慢士人,喜歡罵人,我們講求道義,不愿受辱,所以惶恐地逃跑躲藏起來(lái)。我們私下聞知太子為人仁義孝順,謙恭有禮,喜愛(ài)士人,天下人沒(méi)有誰(shuí)不伸長(zhǎng)脖子想為太子拼死效力的。因此我們就來(lái)了!被噬险f(shuō):“煩勞諸位始終如一(善始善終)地好好調(diào)教保護(hù)太子吧!彼膫(gè)人敬酒祝福已畢,小步快走離去;噬掀鹕黼x去,一直到酒宴結(jié)束,皇上最終沒(méi)有更換太子,原本是留侯招致這四個(gè)人發(fā)生了效力。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
議論者中有人說(shuō):“魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過(guò),手扶車軾表示敬意,秦軍因此不去攻打魏國(guó),并不是法制的功效。雖然在保全國(guó)家方面有好處,也不值得重視!蹦敲,法制的功能,指的是什么呢?養(yǎng)活三軍士兵,明確賞罰法令,嚴(yán)厲刑法,富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵,這就是法制。六國(guó)滅亡,都滅亡在秦國(guó)的軍隊(duì)。六國(guó)的軍隊(duì)并非不精銳,士兵的力量也并非不強(qiáng),然而甚至于被打敗滅亡,這是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)弱不相當(dāng),多少不一樣,即使明確了法制,那又有什么益處呢?假使小孩違背了大力士孟賁的心意,孟賁發(fā)怒,小孩持刀跟孟賁對(duì)打,小孩肯定不能取勝,因?yàn)榱α窟h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如孟賁。要是孟賁發(fā)怒,而小孩講究禮節(jié),對(duì)他非常恭敬,孟賁才會(huì)不忍加害。秦國(guó)與魏國(guó),就像孟賁與小孩一樣。力量弱小就該修養(yǎng)德行,軍隊(duì)強(qiáng)大就該發(fā)揚(yáng)威力。秦國(guó)憑借軍隊(duì)強(qiáng)大,威力無(wú)窮戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝。撤回軍隊(duì),不去侵犯魏國(guó)領(lǐng)土,是因?yàn)榍剀娮鹬囟胃赡静傩匈t良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。漢高皇帝主張想廢掉太子劉盈,呂后很擔(dān)憂,張子房(張良)教太子用謙恭的態(tài)度去迎請(qǐng)四皓,并豐厚地禮遇他們。太子的地位安穩(wěn)了太子敬重厚待四皓,來(lái)消除了高皇帝廢掉太子的想法,就像魏文侯到里巷對(duì)段干木表示敬意,退掉了強(qiáng)大的秦軍一樣。
(節(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
。ǘ┕糯(shī)歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面這首宋詩(shī),完成下面小題。
雨后為山亭獨(dú)臥
葉夢(mèng)得①
過(guò)雨虛檐氣稍清,臥聞刁斗起連營(yíng)。
幾看薄月當(dāng)軒過(guò),驚見(jiàn)陰蟲(chóng)繞砌鳴②。
洶洶南江浮靜夜,寥寥北斗掛高城。
白頭心事今如許,慚愧兒童話請(qǐng)纓。
[注]①葉夢(mèng)得:南宋文學(xué)家,曾致力于抗金防備及軍餉勤務(wù)。②陰蟲(chóng):秋蟲(chóng),如蟋蟀之類。
15. 下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 雨后空氣清新,為山亭的夜晚涼爽宜人,然而詩(shī)人的心情卻難以平靜。
B. 本詩(shī)第二句與辛棄疾《破陣子》中的“夢(mèng)回吹角連營(yíng)”一句立意相似。
C. 詩(shī)人憑軒望月,浮想聯(lián)翩,而階前突然傳出的蟲(chóng)鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒。
D. 頸聯(lián)通過(guò)江水、星空等物象營(yíng)造出了一個(gè)天高地迥、蒼茫寂寥的境界。
16. 如何理解詩(shī)人的“白頭心事”?請(qǐng)結(jié)合詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】15. C 16. ①首聯(lián)寫(xiě)詩(shī)人獨(dú)臥為山亭,似乎聽(tīng)到連營(yíng)中的刁斗聲,表達(dá)了他渴望像年輕時(shí)一樣充滿豪情壯志、為國(guó)征戰(zhàn)效力;②頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫(xiě)詩(shī)人夜不能寐,只能看薄月過(guò)軒、高掛城頭、南江夜靜,聽(tīng)陰蟲(chóng)鳴砌。詩(shī)人已白發(fā)蒼蒼,英雄老去,不得重用,再難建功立業(yè),詩(shī)人心中充滿無(wú)奈、憤懣。③尾聯(lián)運(yùn)用終軍請(qǐng)纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對(duì)比,“慚愧”一詞暗將矛頭指向南宋統(tǒng)治者,表達(dá)了對(duì)南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復(fù)國(guó)土的不滿。
【解析】
【15題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析理解詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容的能力。
C.“階前突然傳出的蟲(chóng)鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒”錯(cuò),“驚見(jiàn)陰蟲(chóng)繞砌鳴”的“驚”并非蟲(chóng)鳴驚擾了詩(shī)人思緒,而是與“幾看薄月當(dāng)軒過(guò)”的“幾看”相對(duì),是暗暗心驚于時(shí)光飛逝,年華空老。
故選C。
【16題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容,鑒賞詩(shī)歌情感的能力。
詩(shī)歌前三聯(lián)描寫(xiě)詩(shī)人雨后獨(dú)臥為山亭看到的景象,聽(tīng)到的聲音以及詩(shī)人內(nèi)心的感受。
首聯(lián)寫(xiě)雨過(guò)天晴,空氣清新,詩(shī)人臥在為山亭中,耳中似乎傳來(lái)軍營(yíng)中的刁斗之聲!暗蠖贰,古代軍隊(duì)中用的一種器具,銅質(zhì),有柄,能容一斗。軍中白天可供一人燒飯,夜間敲擊以巡更。其實(shí)詩(shī)人獨(dú)臥為山亭,是不可能聽(tīng)到刁斗聲的,詩(shī)人的錯(cuò)覺(jué)恰恰反映出他心中放不下軍營(yíng),渴望像年輕時(shí)一樣充滿豪情壯志,在軍營(yíng)征戰(zhàn),為國(guó)效力;
頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫(xiě)多次看到薄月過(guò)軒,心驚于又一次陰蟲(chóng)砌鳴,洶涌的南江在夜色中靜靜浮動(dòng),孤寂的北斗星獨(dú)自高掛城頭。貌似寧?kù)o的夜晚,詩(shī)人無(wú)法成眠,一個(gè)人靜靜地看著、聽(tīng)著,等待天明,恰恰反映出詩(shī)人因不得重用、年華空老而夜不能寐,心事重重。
尾聯(lián)則直接點(diǎn)明“白發(fā)心事”是“慚愧”,慚愧的內(nèi)容是“兒童話請(qǐng)纓”。此句運(yùn)用終軍請(qǐng)纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對(duì)比,“兒童”尚且“話請(qǐng)纓”,想要為國(guó)效力,而詩(shī)人卻只能獨(dú)臥為山亭。這“慚愧”的背后,是詩(shī)人渴望為國(guó)效力卻不得的無(wú)奈、憤懣,是對(duì)南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復(fù)國(guó)土的不滿,也有英雄老去的無(wú)奈。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢(xiě)(本題共1小題,6分)
17. 補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)同學(xué)們到郊外春游,陽(yáng)光下樹(shù)木蔥郁,水流淙淙,小慧不禁想起了陶淵明《歸去來(lái)兮辭》中的文句:“_________________,_________________。”
。2)快過(guò)年了,于老師牽掛在成都旅行的女兒,給她發(fā)短信息時(shí)用了李白《蜀道難》中的詩(shī)句“_________________,_________________”,希望她不要貪玩,早點(diǎn)兒回家。
。3)古代詩(shī)人在寫(xiě)離情時(shí),經(jīng)常在詩(shī)的上下兩句中分別表達(dá)離別雙方的情思,如唐詩(shī)“________________,_________________”就是如此。
【答案】 ①. 木欣欣以向榮 ②. 泉涓涓而始流 ③. 錦城雖云樂(lè) ④. 不如早還家 ⑤. 洛陽(yáng)親友如相問(wèn) ⑥. 一片冰心在玉壺(誰(shuí)家今夜扁舟子 何處相思明月樓)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確默寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的名篇名句的能力。
易錯(cuò)字詞有:欣、涓、錦、扁。
三、語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用(20分)
。ㄒ唬┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用I(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
看云似乎是很多北京人的日常,自到了北京,我也入鄉(xiāng)隨了俗,經(jīng)?雌鹪苼(lái)。那天是周六,我和幾個(gè)朋友在一家書(shū)店閑聊,因?yàn)橐恢绷粢庵巴獾脑,聊天時(shí)我有些心不在焉。書(shū)店是整幅的玻璃幕墻,大大小小的云在窗框里,如畫(huà)一般,還帶有特別隨意任性的毛邊兒。帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云和帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。哪怕再高妙的丹青手,也畫(huà)不出來(lái)那個(gè)勁兒,實(shí)在是美翻了。
云這么好看,卻也不妨礙它下雨。那天,我們?cè)谒吻f的街道上閑逛,走著走著雨就來(lái)了。雨來(lái)了,云還在,太陽(yáng)也還在。這就是名副其實(shí)的太陽(yáng)雨了吧?淋著這雨,我們都沒(méi)有打傘。打傘會(huì)覺(jué)得辜負(fù)了這云的,也會(huì)辜負(fù)這雨,不是嗎?
18. 文中畫(huà)線處是個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,請(qǐng)改成幾個(gè)較短的語(yǔ)句,可以改變語(yǔ)序,少量增刪詞語(yǔ),但不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
19. 文章結(jié)尾處的“不是嗎?”是個(gè)問(wèn)句,卻并不表疑問(wèn),它起到了什么作用?
【答案】18. 大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
19. 本句是無(wú)疑而問(wèn)的反問(wèn)句,故意設(shè)問(wèn)是為了引起讀者思考,增強(qiáng)情感力度,強(qiáng)調(diào)作者和朋友們不打傘在雨中淋著而行的愜意美好,表達(dá)對(duì)北京的云和太陽(yáng)雨的喜愛(ài)和享受。
【解析】
【18題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之句式變換的能力。
長(zhǎng)句變短句的一般步驟為:提取主干;切分修飾成分,轉(zhuǎn)換成主謂句子;根據(jù)句子與句子間的邏輯關(guān)系調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。
第一步,提取原句的主謂賓:大塊云和小塊云都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
第二步,將定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成主謂句:將定語(yǔ)“帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云”變成主謂句“大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒”;將定語(yǔ)“帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云” 變成主謂句“小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒”,去掉連詞“和”。
第三步,按照邏輯關(guān)系調(diào)整語(yǔ)序:先分別敘述“大塊云”“小塊云”的特征,然后對(duì)它們的共同特征進(jìn)行總結(jié),故答案為:大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細(xì)絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個(gè)飄逸輕盈。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之賞析標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用法,賞析句子表達(dá)效果的能力。
問(wèn)句可以分為疑問(wèn)句、設(shè)問(wèn)句、反問(wèn)句。其中是問(wèn)句卻不表示疑問(wèn)的是反問(wèn)句,“不是嗎”屬于反問(wèn)句,無(wú)疑而問(wèn),用問(wèn)句是為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)勢(shì),使表達(dá)意思更肯定,引導(dǎo)讀者思考和想象!安皇菃帷笔菍(duì)上文作者與朋友在街道上閑逛,恰好遇上了太陽(yáng)雨,便淋雨而行這一行為的肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào),表達(dá)作者對(duì)太陽(yáng)雨的喜愛(ài),對(duì)淋雨而行的喜歡和享受。
。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅱ(本題共3小題,11分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
眾所周知,運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助放松肌肉、減輕身體緊張感、改善血液循環(huán),讓我們身體更健康,但是,可能很多人都不知道,運(yùn)動(dòng)更是讓我們心情愉悅、大腦強(qiáng)健的“靈丹妙藥”。多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,療效不但立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)的人,相信都體驗(yàn)過(guò)“跑者欣快”,即連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)一段時(shí)間后, ① ,但心情很好,有一種酣暢淋漓的感覺(jué),這是因?yàn),運(yùn)動(dòng)可以促使大腦分泌許多與愉悅感相關(guān)的“快樂(lè)物質(zhì)”,如多巴胺、內(nèi)啡肽等。而運(yùn)動(dòng)后的大腦,還會(huì)分泌一種名叫腦源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子的蛋白質(zhì),有助于強(qiáng)健大腦。因此,運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅會(huì)讓你輕松快樂(lè),還會(huì)讓你頭腦更清晰,更有活力。當(dāng)然,不是每個(gè)人 ② ,但即使做一些輕微運(yùn)動(dòng),也是有助于身心健康的。
20. 文中畫(huà)波浪線的句子有語(yǔ)病。請(qǐng)進(jìn)行修改,使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確流暢,邏輯嚴(yán)密,可少量增刪詞語(yǔ),不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
21. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谖闹袡M線處補(bǔ)寫(xiě)恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)句,使整段文字語(yǔ)意完整連貫,內(nèi)容貼切,邏輯嚴(yán)密,每處不超過(guò)10個(gè)字。
22. 下列句子中的“相信”與文中加點(diǎn)的“相信”,意義和用法相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 身處困境他卻并不消沉,相信自己能拼出一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。
B. 我滿心歡喜地迎接他回來(lái),相信現(xiàn)在的他一定和從前不同。
C. 看到氣勢(shì)磅礴的壺口瀑布,相信每一位游客都會(huì)激動(dòng)不已。
D. 翠翠還是不離開(kāi)碼頭,相信祖父會(huì)來(lái)找她,同她一起回家。
【答案】20. 多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見(jiàn)影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
21. ①雖然身體很累(雖然身體很疲憊);②都能高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。
22. C
【解析】
【20題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析并修改病句的能力。
原文“療效不但立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣”中,關(guān)聯(lián)詞“不但”語(yǔ)序不當(dāng)。根據(jù)原文,這句話的“療效”是“立竿見(jiàn)影,令人信服”的主語(yǔ),但不是“適用范圍很廣”的主語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)不同,關(guān)聯(lián)詞應(yīng)該放到前句開(kāi)頭。用“不但……而且……”連接,邏輯合理,分別說(shuō)明了運(yùn)動(dòng)治療的效果和適用范圍方面的特點(diǎn)。所以正確的句子應(yīng)為:多年以前,運(yùn)動(dòng)就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見(jiàn)影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
【21題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之情境補(bǔ)寫(xiě)的能力。
①處,后句“但心情很好”,與①處形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,該處應(yīng)使用一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,如“雖然”;前句提到“連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)一段時(shí)間后”,可推知該空應(yīng)該銜接上句,可填“雖然身體很累”,或“雖然身體很疲憊”。
②處,后句“但即使做一些輕微運(yùn)動(dòng)”,與②處形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,該空應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)與“輕微運(yùn)動(dòng)”相對(duì)的內(nèi)容,本段語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“連續(xù)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)”對(duì)人身體的益處,所以該空可填:都能高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)。
【22題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境義的能力。
文中加點(diǎn)的“相信”表示認(rèn)為某事是真實(shí)的、可信的,表達(dá)一種推測(cè)和信任。
A.“相信”是有信心的意思。
B.“相信”是認(rèn)為的意思。
C.“相信”也是認(rèn)為某事是真實(shí)的、可信的,與文中的“相信”意義和用法相同。
D.“相信”是期望、盼望意思。
故選C。
四、寫(xiě)作(60分)
23. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)作。
本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I提到,長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,“嫦娥四號(hào)”探月任務(wù)揭開(kāi)了月背的神秘面紗;隨著“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”飛離地球,航天人的目光又投向遙遠(yuǎn)的深空……
正如人類的太空之旅,我們每個(gè)人也都在不斷抵達(dá)未知之境。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想與思考?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇文章。
要求:選準(zhǔn)角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標(biāo)題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個(gè)人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文:
肩負(fù)人生使命 抵達(dá)未知之境
上古神話里,炎黃子孫渴望御龍乘鶴、摘星攬?jiān),?duì)燦爛星河充滿向往;當(dāng)代太空之旅中,航天英雄沖破云霄,直上九天,將目光投向更遙遠(yuǎn)的深空。一代又一代的航天人上下求索,抵達(dá)一個(gè)個(gè)未知之境,吾輩青年也應(yīng)追風(fēng)趕浪,探索不息,不斷抵達(dá)生命的未知之境。
“生活的全部意義在于無(wú)窮地探索尚未知道的東西”,人生使命在于永葆好奇心,永葆求知欲,探查未知之境的秘密。
天馬行空的好奇心,是通向未知之境的燈塔。面對(duì)浩瀚無(wú)邊的宇宙,先民們?cè)缇驮诤闷嫘牡尿?qū)使下萌發(fā)出探索宇宙的念頭,浩如煙海的神話故事中更是不乏“嫦娥奔月”般唯美的遐想。人類邁向星空的腳步更是不曾停歇,從第一顆人造衛(wèi)星升空到阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”,再到“中國(guó)天眼”的誕生,我們?cè)诤闷嫘臒羲闹敢,一次又一次地探索更遼闊的世界。探索的樂(lè)趣與未知的誘惑,給予了人類不竭的動(dòng)力,讓我們一步步接近科學(xué)和宇宙的奧義,照亮人類文明進(jìn)步的旅途。
“千淘萬(wàn)雖辛苦,吹盡狂沙始到金”,人生使命在于腳踏實(shí)地,不懈拼搏,讓遙不可及的未來(lái)變成踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的已來(lái)。
想要抵達(dá)遠(yuǎn)方之境,必須心中有信念,腳下有行動(dòng),走過(guò)千山萬(wàn)水,還要跋山涉水;跨過(guò)雄關(guān)險(xiǎn)隘,還要闖關(guān)奪隘。如袁隆平,頭頂烈日,腳踩爛泥,才終于圓夢(mèng)禾下乘涼;如樊錦詩(shī),扎根大漠,夢(mèng)愛(ài)遺跡,才取得數(shù)字敦煌的舉世矚目;如張桂梅半生奔波,半生堅(jiān)守,才實(shí)現(xiàn)讓貧困女孩走出大山的夢(mèng)想!俺晒Φ幕,人們只驚慕它現(xiàn)時(shí)的明艷,孰不知當(dāng)初她的芽?jī)簼B透了奮斗的淚泉,灑遍了犧牲的血雨”,冰心說(shuō)如是。抵達(dá)遠(yuǎn)方不是掛在嘴邊,喊喊口號(hào),這山望著那山高,而是要把它轉(zhuǎn)化為內(nèi)生動(dòng)力和實(shí)際行動(dòng),日日夜夜的奮斗、持續(xù)不斷的探索,才能一步一步抵達(dá)未知之境。
“路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮,吾將上下而求索”,人生使命在于不滿當(dāng)下,探索不止,奔赴下一個(gè)大海星辰。
抵達(dá)之境是上一次探索的終點(diǎn),也是下一次探索的起點(diǎn),人類無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在對(duì)生命進(jìn)行追問(wèn)與探索,這種前赴后繼的研究與追尋帶領(lǐng)我們從這個(gè)已知之境奔赴向下一個(gè)未知之境。從第一次工業(yè)革命的蒸汽時(shí)代到第三次工業(yè)革命的航天時(shí)代,從活字印刷術(shù)的派生到如今快速便捷的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),從物種起源到克隆技術(shù)的發(fā)展,從掃地機(jī)器人到ChatGPT ……踔厲向前,篤行不怠,才能看得見(jiàn)一路的彧彧花繁,才能抵達(dá)下一個(gè)未知的美好之境。
新世紀(jì)的鐘聲已經(jīng)敲響,讓好奇之心點(diǎn)燃求知的熱情,讓探索的足跡化合成創(chuàng)造的交響樂(lè),讓永不停歇的腳步帶領(lǐng)我們抵達(dá)一個(gè)又一個(gè)充滿吸引的未知之境……
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力
審題:
這是一道引語(yǔ)類材料作文題。
作文材料關(guān)聯(lián)本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I,以材料三為主,兼及材料二,并以“太空之旅”一詞照應(yīng)材料一,展現(xiàn)出人類的月球探索歷程。
作文材料最后一句“正如人類的太空之旅,我們每個(gè)人也都在不斷抵達(dá)未知之境”,將偉大的人類探索之旅拉回到考生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活場(chǎng)景,其中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)是“抵達(dá)未知之境”,既包含了“抵達(dá)未知之境”之前的探索進(jìn)程,充滿艱辛,飽含期待;也蘊(yùn)含著“抵達(dá)未知之境”之后永不止步的愿望,充滿信心,渴望再度踏上征程。考生立意作文,不能止步于對(duì)“航天精神”的謳歌,而要回到“我們每個(gè)人”這一語(yǔ)境,使“抵達(dá)未知之境”的太空之旅與青少年的成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展之間構(gòu)成一種新的觀照維度。成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的艱辛與喜悅、新的人生起點(diǎn)的憧憬與期盼,都是考生展開(kāi)聯(lián)想與思考的著力點(diǎn)。
材料中的“未知”也是一個(gè)值得思考的話題!拔粗北澈蟮摹安淮_定性”,讓探索變得迷人,而好奇心在驅(qū)遣我們?nèi)ハ胂,推?dòng)我們?nèi)ニ伎,由此考生可以生發(fā)出深邃的議論與獨(dú)到的觀點(diǎn)。可以圍繞“探索未知”、“勇于挑戰(zhàn)”和“不斷成長(zhǎng)”等主題展開(kāi),探討個(gè)體在面對(duì)未知時(shí)應(yīng)有的態(tài)度、行動(dòng)和收獲。
如果能以日常學(xué)習(xí)生活的成長(zhǎng)進(jìn)步為切入點(diǎn),寫(xiě)出生動(dòng)形象、感情真摯的記敘文,寫(xiě)出學(xué)習(xí)生活中無(wú)處不在的“探究精神”,都是符合作文命題指向的。
行文構(gòu)思上,先概括材料,由材料引出觀點(diǎn),如:探索未知之境,收獲生命厚重。接下來(lái)從怎么辦的角度展開(kāi)論述,一、需要有探索未知的勇氣,勇敢邁出第一步;二、需要有堅(jiān)持不懈的奮斗,一步一步向未知靠近;三、需要有永不滿足的心態(tài),向下一個(gè)未知之境進(jìn)發(fā)。最后總結(jié)觀點(diǎn),生命因探索而變得厚重,我們只有在探索未知的道路上不斷前行,才能抵達(dá)更遠(yuǎn)的地方。
立意:
1.探索未知之境,成就無(wú)限可能。
2.我以探索之心,追逐未知之境。
3.勇于挑戰(zhàn),不斷成長(zhǎng),抵達(dá)未知。
4.始于好奇,續(xù)于探索,成于新境。
2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科
本試卷共12頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后, 將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng): 1. 答題前, 考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚, 將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2. 選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂; 非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě), 字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答, 超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效; 在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。
4. 作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出, 確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5. 保持卡面清潔, 不要折疊, 不要弄破、弄皺, 不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力
注意事項(xiàng): 英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié), 20小題, 每小題1.5分, 滿分30分。
第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
做題時(shí), 先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后, 你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后, 你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What will Jack probably do this weekend?
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Take care of her bags.
B. Pack the food for her.
C. Check the train schedule.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
When will the man see Bob?
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W:Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then?
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
Why does the man apologize?
A. For the terrible food.
B. For the overcharge.
C. For the waiter’s rudeness.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year?
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
第二節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前, 你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題, 每小題5秒鐘; 聽(tīng)完后, 各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
6. Why does Sara make the phone call?
A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment.
7 What does David want to do?
A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, Sara.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sara, please. We need to talk. It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone.
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night?
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
8. Where is Jim now?
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion?
A. Going to the city center.
B. Taking a short cut home.
C. Meeting Jim in the park.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure?
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
10. What did Clara do at the weekend?
A. She planted vegetables.
B. She went to a yard sale.
C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought?
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live?
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley?
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels?
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
14. What is probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team?
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team?
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now?
A. It’s about to break up. B. It’s the best in Indiana. C. It’s getting stronger.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indianan basketball player?
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
18. Who is Tom Hokinson?
A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content of The Idler?
A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk?
A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a full and happy life? Today, I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it? The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié), 滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小徑), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峽谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石國(guó)家公園提供的幾項(xiàng)護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每個(gè)項(xiàng)目后的時(shí)間“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黃石體驗(yàn)野生動(dòng)物(5月26日至9月2日))”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游騎兵野生動(dòng)物奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)(6月5日至8月21日))”與“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峽谷會(huì)談(6月9日至9月2日))”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (攝影研討會(huì)(6月19日和7月10日))”可知,四個(gè)項(xiàng)目中在黃石體驗(yàn)野生動(dòng)物開(kāi)始的時(shí)間最早。故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峽谷會(huì)談(6月9日至9月2日))部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峽谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (從一個(gè)經(jīng)典的視角,欣賞下瀑布、黃石河和峽谷的壯麗色彩,同時(shí)了解該地區(qū)的自然和人類歷史)”可知,在Artist Point的簡(jiǎn)短演講主題是關(guān)于峽谷地區(qū)的歷史的。故選D。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (攝影研討會(huì)(6月19日和7月10日))”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance:在奇滕登停車場(chǎng)的Washburn Trailhead舉行)”可知,7月10日的攝影研討會(huì)將在Washburn Trailhead舉行。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】24 D 25. C 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了Abby Jaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力,環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花園項(xiàng)目,讓學(xué)生種植蔬菜,對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是這樣的,艾比·哈拉米洛說(shuō),她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Sprouts”學(xué)校花園項(xiàng)目。)”可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的發(fā)起者。故選D。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她說(shuō)!八麄儊(lái)找我們,認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆蟲(chóng)也很可怕!彪m然有些人一開(kāi)始害怕昆蟲(chóng),對(duì)泥土感到厭煩,但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知,項(xiàng)目之初,一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣,他們帶回家種子開(kāi)始自己的菜園。此外,在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用,他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問(wèn)題!八麄冏吡顺鋈ィ彼f(shuō),“他們覺(jué)得成功。”)”可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物,而且許多學(xué)生回家開(kāi)創(chuàng)了自己的菜園,對(duì)有情緒控制問(wèn)題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用,從而推知,該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。
【27題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是這樣的,艾比·哈拉米洛說(shuō),她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Sprouts”學(xué);▓@項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識(shí)和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣,于是他們把種子帶回家,開(kāi)始種自己的菜園)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要講述了Abby Jaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力,環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花園項(xiàng)目,讓學(xué)生種植蔬菜,對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“蔬菜種植愛(ài)好者”符合文意,最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C。
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描繪) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章是對(duì)一本書(shū)的介紹,主要介紹了印刷書(shū)籍和閱讀對(duì)人類的重要意義。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. (在這本“書(shū)之書(shū)”中,藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系)”以及第三段“Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect, wealth or faith of the subject. (書(shū)籍本身可以在繪畫(huà)中象征性地用來(lái)展示智慧,主體的財(cái)富或信仰)”和最后一段“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. (從21世紀(jì)的角度來(lái)看,這本印刷書(shū)無(wú)疑是古老的,但它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動(dòng)性)”可推知,本文最有可能出自一本印刷書(shū)的扉頁(yè),即對(duì)該書(shū)的介紹。故選A。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景,這本書(shū)是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”可知,選定的藝術(shù)品是關(guān)于書(shū)籍和閱讀的。故選C。
【30題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景,這本書(shū)是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (這些場(chǎng)景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的,但它們記錄了一些時(shí)刻)”可推知,此處指書(shū)籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶,故與畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)“relate to”意思最相近的為A項(xiàng)“理解、認(rèn)識(shí)到”。故選A。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動(dòng)性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷書(shū)籍仍然提供了完全私人的“離線”活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì))”可推知,本文作者提到電子閱讀器想表達(dá)的是印刷書(shū)籍并沒(méi)有完全過(guò)時(shí)。故選A。
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (編碼) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “l(fā)istening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。城市化讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接觸到自然,但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生自然對(duì)人類健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然的互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語(yǔ)言,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動(dòng)。該研究呼吁保護(hù)城市中的野生自然。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展,生活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運(yùn)的話,你住的地方附近可能會(huì)有一個(gè)袖珍公園,但在城市里找到相對(duì)天然的地方是罕見(jiàn)的)”可知,文章開(kāi)頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象,在城市里,人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (編碼) experiences into different categories. (他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客,要求他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上提交一份書(shū)面總結(jié),描述他們?cè)诠珗@里與大自然有意義的互動(dòng)。然后,研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息,將體驗(yàn)分為不同的類別)”可知,研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動(dòng)的活動(dòng)把游客分類,再根據(jù)第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在這320份提交的作品中,一種被研究人員稱為“自然語(yǔ)言”的分類模式開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。在對(duì)所有提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼后,有六個(gè)類別被認(rèn)為對(duì)游客最重要)”可知,研究人員對(duì)參與者提交的'內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類,以便在游客的總結(jié)中找到模式,并確定對(duì)游客最重要的自然體驗(yàn)。通過(guò)這樣做,他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語(yǔ)言”,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一目的。故選D。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一種自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語(yǔ)言,這有助于人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與到對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)中。例如,沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時(shí)感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心,他們可以在午休時(shí)沿著噴泉散步,享受一種更居家的互動(dòng)方式)”可知,本段講述了自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造一種可用的語(yǔ)言,有助于人們識(shí)別并參與對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意最有意義的活動(dòng),接下來(lái)以一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說(shuō)明,去公園時(shí)沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意,回到市中心工作時(shí)他可以通過(guò)沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知,從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗(yàn)可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語(yǔ)言,幫助將人類與自然的互動(dòng)帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點(diǎn),我們還需要保護(hù)自然,這樣我們才能與它互動(dòng),”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說(shuō)。)”可推斷,彼得·卡恩認(rèn)為在我們與大自然互動(dòng)之前我們應(yīng)該先要保護(hù)自然。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club;we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了一些開(kāi)始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (從小開(kāi)始。我建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐。這些小的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐可以提供靈感,并成為未來(lái)更復(fù)雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你會(huì)想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅,看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進(jìn)步)”可知,空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過(guò)渡句,從給出建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐,到回顧自己的藝術(shù)之旅,所以C項(xiàng)“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初學(xué)時(shí)的藝術(shù)作品)”符合文意,和后文形成順承關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,位于段尾,是對(duì)本段的總結(jié),根據(jù)前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (經(jīng)常作畫(huà),且從生活中作畫(huà)。沒(méi)有什么比不斷練習(xí)更能提高你的藝術(shù)水平了。無(wú)論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景,都要盡可能地從真實(shí)生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知,本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫(huà),所以G項(xiàng)“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你會(huì)逐漸形成只有通過(guò)反復(fù)練習(xí)才能獲得的繪畫(huà)肌肉記憶)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,空處位于第二句,此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋,并同時(shí)引出后文,根據(jù)前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己,嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦)”可知,A項(xiàng)“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒適區(qū))”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,位于段首,是本段的中心句,根據(jù)后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對(duì)于你的成長(zhǎng)非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品,并因此結(jié)識(shí)了一些最友好的人。無(wú)論我的藝術(shù)水平如何,他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知,本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品,所以D項(xiàng)“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感覺(jué)舒適的話,分享你的作品)”符合文意,是本段的中心句。故選D項(xiàng)。
【40題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,空處位于第二句,此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋,并同時(shí)引出后文,根據(jù)前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不會(huì)是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (堅(jiān)持下去,給它時(shí)間,付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報(bào))”可知,E項(xiàng)“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你會(huì)遇到障礙,有時(shí)你會(huì)感到氣餒)”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___. They could not afford to pay for ___42___ for their dog, Tiffy, and ___43___ wanted to take her with them.
It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would _____50_____.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was _____53_____, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she _____54_____ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so _____55_____ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
43. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally
44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky
49. A. coworker B. passenger C. stranger D. neighbor
50. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
53. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
54. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed
55. A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者通過(guò)Pilots N Paws網(wǎng)站幫助一家搬家的人將他們的狗接到另一個(gè)城市的過(guò)程。作者和另一位飛行員一起完成了這次任務(wù),最終成功將這只狗帶回到了它的主人身邊。
【41題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們不得不搬到弗吉尼亞,但他們的預(yù)算非常緊張。A. turn轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn);B. budget預(yù)算;C. schedule時(shí)間表;D. connection聯(lián)系。根據(jù)“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知,這個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算非常緊張。故選B。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi),又非常想帶她一起走。A. food食物;B. shelter庇護(hù);C. medicine藥;D. transportation交通。根據(jù)“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知,這個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算非常緊張,所以付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi)。故選D。
【43題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:他們付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi),又非常想帶她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地;B. temporarily暫時(shí)地;C. secretly秘密地;D. originally起初。根據(jù)“wanted to take her with them.”可知,這家人非常想把狗一起帶走。故選A。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:碰巧我和另一名飛行員Karen正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行,他主動(dòng)提出要把Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。A. appeared出現(xiàn);B. proved證明;C. happened碰巧;D. showed展示。根據(jù)“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知,碰巧的是作者和另一名飛行員正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行。故選C。
【45題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:碰巧我和另一名飛行員Karen正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行,他主動(dòng)提出要把Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。A. waited等待;B. offered提供、主動(dòng)提出;C. hurried匆忙;D. failed失敗。根據(jù)“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen主動(dòng)提出幫忙把狗Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我要做的就是飛到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off為……送行;B. look for尋找;C. hand over移交;D. pick up接載。根據(jù)“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常識(shí)可知,作者需要飛到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故選D。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到Tiffy的主人時(shí),他們看起來(lái)很緊張。A. confused困惑的;B. nervous緊張的;C. annoyed惱怒的;D. curious好奇的。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可知,這家人看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)緊張和不安。故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. hard困難的;B. fine好的;C. common常見(jiàn)的;D. lucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可推知,此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人對(duì)主人來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選A。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. coworker合作者;B. passenger乘客;C. stranger陌生人;D. neighbor鄰居。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知,要把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人。故選C。
【50題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. speed up加速;B. work out解決;C. come back回來(lái);D. take off起飛。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知,讓狗的主人George相信一個(gè)陌生人一切都會(huì)解決好,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選B。
【51題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:道別之后,我讓George和他的妻子幫我把Tiffy送上飛機(jī)。A. feed喂養(yǎng);B. follow跟隨;C. change改變;D. load裝載。load into裝入。根據(jù)“Tiffy into the plane.”可知,作者讓George和他的妻子幫忙把Tiffy裝入飛機(jī)。故選D。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我答應(yīng)過(guò)會(huì)照顧好Tiffy,一到堪薩斯城就給他們打電話。A. call打電話;B. join加入;C. leave離開(kāi);D. serve服務(wù)。根據(jù)“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知,作者承諾一到堪薩斯城就給他們打電話。故選A。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:這次飛行平安無(wú)事,Tiffy是個(gè)很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary沒(méi)有必要的;B. unexpected意想不到的;C. unavoidable不可避免的;D. uneventful太平無(wú)事的。根據(jù)“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知,這次飛行一切都平安無(wú)事。故選D。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:第二天,她和Karen一起坐飛機(jī),幾天后就回到了弗吉尼亞州的George那里。 A. returned返回;B. fought打仗;C. flew飛;D. agreed同意。根據(jù)“It just ___4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen帶狗Tiffy飛往弗吉尼亞州。故選C。
【55題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:他非常感激,給我發(fā)了一封很漂亮的電子郵件,并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的;B. generous慷慨的;C. proud驕傲的;D. sympathetic同情的。通讀全文,再根據(jù)“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知,此處指對(duì)于作者的幫忙,George非常感激。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】56. arrival
57. confident
58. with 59. the
60. visiting
61. interviews
62. why 63. Basically
64. and 65. wished
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在柏林動(dòng)物園教英語(yǔ),回應(yīng)了那些“質(zhì)疑”的目光。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:從2017年6月開(kāi)始,就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前,我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前是冠詞,空后是介詞,所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語(yǔ),arrive的名詞形式是arrival,不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival。
【57題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:從2017年6月開(kāi)始,就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前,我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表語(yǔ),應(yīng)用形容詞形式,confidence的形容詞形式是confident。故填confident。
【58題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:他們和誰(shuí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,根據(jù)句意此處強(qiáng)調(diào)雙向交流,應(yīng)用固定搭配:speak with sb.意為“與某人交談”。故填with。
【59題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:不是熊貓,盡管醫(yī)學(xué)訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)使用的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際上是英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處特指用于醫(yī)學(xué)訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)使用的語(yǔ)言,表特指,應(yīng)用定冠詞修飾。故填the。
【60題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:他們與蜂擁而至國(guó)際游客和來(lái)訪的中國(guó)動(dòng)物園管理員交談,這些管理員經(jīng)常來(lái)檢查從中國(guó)租借來(lái)的大熊貓。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空后是名詞,所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ);visit對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞為visiting“來(lái)訪的”。故填visiting。
【61題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語(yǔ)接受國(guó)際記者的采訪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前是動(dòng)詞,所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ),interview意為“采訪”為可數(shù)名詞,不止一段采訪,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填interviews。
【62題詳解】
考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)該用連接副詞連接,前文提到需要培訓(xùn)師的原因,此處是表達(dá)“這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因”之意,應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why。
【63題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:基本上,如何描述熊貓的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾空后整個(gè)句子,應(yīng)該用副詞修飾,basic的副詞形式是basically位于句首,首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Basically。
【64題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:我很榮幸能看到熊貓項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展,看到熊貓們?cè)谛录野差D下來(lái)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”兩者是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用and連接。故填and。
【65題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:作為一個(gè)小女孩,我希望長(zhǎng)大后成為一名動(dòng)物園管理員。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以wish作本句謂語(yǔ),和主語(yǔ)I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)后文的grew可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填wished。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié), 滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
66. 假定你是李華,外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組,讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ),你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 說(shuō)明問(wèn)題;
2. 提出建議。
注意:
1. 寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作,要求考生給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件,告訴他將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組,讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ),你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
首先:to begin with → first of all
提高:improve → progress
建議:suggestion → advice
選擇:choose → select
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句:My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
拓展句:My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.(運(yùn)用了省略句和who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
67. 閱讀下面材料, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段, 使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (銀匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.
注意:
1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!”
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi),講述了作者上中學(xué)的時(shí)候,社會(huì)學(xué)老師邀請(qǐng)作者參加一個(gè)寫(xiě)作比賽。作者不喜歡寫(xiě)作,于是想都沒(méi)想就拒絕了。但是在老師的鼓勵(lì)下,作者同意試一試。作者在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中雖然很累,但是沒(méi)有放棄,堅(jiān)持下來(lái)了。在作者最終完成寫(xiě)作時(shí),作者感到寫(xiě)作讓他很快樂(lè),他已經(jīng)不在乎輸贏了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě):
、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬(nèi)容“幾個(gè)星期后,當(dāng)我?guī)缀跬洷荣惖臅r(shí)候,傳來(lái)了消息!焙偷诙问拙洹邦C獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室!笨芍,第一段可描寫(xiě)作者獲得比賽一等獎(jiǎng),在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上作者表達(dá)了對(duì)社會(huì)老師的感激。
、谟傻诙问拙鋬(nèi)容“頒獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室!笨芍,第二段可描寫(xiě)老師鼓勵(lì)作者繼續(xù)寫(xiě)作,自此作者堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)作取得了成功,作者將這一切歸功于自己的老師。
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索:比賽消息傳來(lái)——作者獲獎(jiǎng)——高興——頒獎(jiǎng)典禮感謝老師——頒獎(jiǎng)后來(lái)到老師辦公室——老師告訴作者堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)作——作者表達(dá)了對(duì)寫(xiě)作的喜愛(ài)——作者寫(xiě)作取得了成功——感激老師
3.詞匯激活
行為類
、俑嬷篿nform/tell
、诔晒ψ龅剑簃ake it/succeed
、郾磉_(dá):express/convey
情緒類
、俑吲d的:happy/glad
、诩(dòng)地:excitedly/with excitement
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. (運(yùn)用了由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.(運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
[高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.(運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
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