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考研英語二作文真題深度解析
寫作題型依然延續(xù)了一貫的考查方式：應(yīng)用文+圖表作文，非常符合英語二專碩的考查要求。但是具體來說，今年英語二的寫作在考查難度上偏難，原因大部分在于考查內(nèi)容出乎很多老師的預(yù)料，也就說有些偏離一貫的考查重點(diǎn)，因此，在之前的復(fù)習(xí)過程中很多同學(xué)并沒有將之作為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容來復(fù)習(xí)。那么接下來就看一下2015年英語（二）的大作文到底考了哪些內(nèi)容？對(duì)此又應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢？
考研英語二作文真題深度解析 1
Directions：
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing， you should
1） interpret the chart， and
2） give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. （15 points）
我國(guó)某市居民春節(jié)假期花銷比例
今年大作文依然考圖表作文，文字規(guī)定部分只字未變，但是圖表卻發(fā)生了很大的改變。從2010年到2014年，英語二大作文考了4次柱形圖、1次表格，但是從未考過餅圖，由此不少老師認(rèn)為大作文不太可能考餅圖，但是今年恰恰考的就是餅圖，這也就給大家的答題帶來了難度。其實(shí)，仔細(xì)看一下，如表格一樣，餅圖反映的其實(shí)很大一部分就是各個(gè)部分之間的差異性，因此在寫作時(shí)可以大部分借鑒表格的寫作方法。除此之外餅圖本身還反映了事物整體與部分之間的關(guān)系， 因此在應(yīng)用表格描述方式時(shí)需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，但是變化不大。
根據(jù)考前所講，英語二中圖表作文分成三段內(nèi)容來寫。
第一段：描述圖表。根據(jù)之前所講表格寫作思路，整段內(nèi)容包含5句話，直觀評(píng)價(jià)、圖表主題、主流趨勢(shì)、最大差異、過渡句。
1. 直觀評(píng)價(jià)。本句比較簡(jiǎn)單，可以直接用準(zhǔn)備的句型，Here is a chart， simple but accurate.
2. 圖表主題。先將“我國(guó)某市居民春節(jié)假期花銷比例”譯成英語，根據(jù)倒魚鉤翻譯法，可譯成the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China.再套用課上所講句型，即成It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival’s expense of the residents in a certain city in China， which successfully arouses our curiosity.
3. 主流趨勢(shì)。在餅圖中，主流趨勢(shì)指的就是事物的整體與部分的關(guān)系，也就是其整體體現(xiàn)。在本題中，表現(xiàn)為“全部花銷花在了各種各樣不同的東西上面”。由此，套用固定句型，即是As is clearly reflected by the graph， the expense has been spent on totally different things.
4. 最大差異。餅圖中此句指的就是部分與整體的關(guān)系，也就是每個(gè)部分占了整體多少比例。而且在這些比例中往往會(huì)存在最大值或最小值，那么這就是該部分與其他部分之間的差異性。本題中體現(xiàn)為用在“新年禮物”上面的花銷占比最大，為40%.那么可以表達(dá)為Especially， the money used to buy the New Year‘s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense， which already outweighs all the others.
5. 過渡句。此句的作用就是總結(jié)第一段，鋪墊第二段，可以直接用固定句型Definitely， what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.
以上就是該題第一段的寫作思路及語言表達(dá)，接下來看第二段。第二段中需要對(duì)于第一段中的最大差異這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行原因分析，那么按照之前所講需要包含關(guān)鍵句和具體原因兩部分。
首先，關(guān)鍵句。在這一部分，需要具體點(diǎn)明原因分析的'對(duì)象，也就是第一段話中的第四句，但是需要注意的是不要全句照抄，而要將意思再用不同的語言表述出來。那么套用固定句即成Theoretically， several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival， but as for my part， the following two are of great value.
其次，具體原因。對(duì)于春節(jié)期間人們更樂意將錢花在購(gòu)買新年禮物上這一現(xiàn)象，其原因很多，包括春節(jié)在中國(guó)節(jié)日里面的重要性促使人們回家時(shí)購(gòu)買大量禮物，以及春節(jié)期間各種禮物廣告的泛濫變相鼓勵(lì)了人們?nèi)セㄥX等等，當(dāng)然還有其他的一些原因，大家可以自由發(fā)揮，只要合情合理即可。但是要注意：考慮到語言多樣性的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，寫作時(shí)不可只用簡(jiǎn)單的單詞或短語來銜接列舉原因，因此可以用句子來列舉，具體如下：On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged， though not justified， by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition， there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.
以上是第二段的主要內(nèi)容，接下來繼續(xù)看第三段。
第三段中主要就上面分析的這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)，那么很明顯在接下來的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里春節(jié)期間人們都會(huì)花大量地錢來為身邊的親人、朋友購(gòu)買新年禮物，這種形式將會(huì)持續(xù)下去。因此，按照之前準(zhǔn)備的固定句型，可用Taking into account what has been discussed above， we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.
整合以上所講，今年的大作文寫作可如下：
Here is a pie chart， simple but accurate. It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival‘s expense of the residents in a certain city in China， which successfully arouses our curiosity. As is clearly reflected by the graph， the expense has been spent on totally different things. Especially， the money used to buy the New Year’s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense， which already outweighs all the others. Definitely， what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.
Theoretically， several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival， but as for my part， the following two are of great value. On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged， though not justified， by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition， there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.
Taking into account what has been discussed above， we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.
考研英語二作文真題深度解析 2
第一段
�、賂hat everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.
�、贐ut one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There’s never any time to read.
翻譯譯文：
現(xiàn)在人人都太忙，這是老生常談。但是，一個(gè)具體而又極其悲哀的抱怨是：根本沒時(shí)間閱讀。
第二段
�、賅hat makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.
�、赥he web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times”
�、跙ut in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work.
�、躍it down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.
�、軹he modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”.
�、轉(zhuǎn)eep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
翻譯譯文：
使這一問題更加棘手的是，那些常規(guī)的時(shí)間管理技巧似乎并不奏效。網(wǎng)上有很多介紹“騰出時(shí)間閱讀”小竅門的文章，比如“不看電視”、“身邊隨時(shí)帶一本書”。但根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，采用這些竅門擠出個(gè)30來分鐘并沒什么用。坐下來認(rèn)真閱讀卻發(fā)現(xiàn)與工作相關(guān)的思緒飛輪始終轉(zhuǎn)個(gè)不�！痪褪菢O度疲憊，以至于閱讀一本有挑戰(zhàn)的書成為你最不想去做的事。小說家兼評(píng)論家蒂姆·帕克斯寫道：現(xiàn)代人的大腦“非常愿意交流飛....不是被打斷這么簡(jiǎn)單，而是人們真的愿意中斷�！鄙疃乳喿x需要的不只是時(shí)間，而是一種特殊的時(shí)間，這種時(shí)間僅僅靠提高效率是無法得到的。
第三段
�、買n fact,“becoming more efficient” is part of the problem.
�、赥hinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.
�、跧mmersivereading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.
�、躎ry to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.
⑤“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”.
�、轓o mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
翻譯譯文：
事實(shí)上，“變得更加高效”是問題的一部分。把時(shí)間看作一種要最大限度利用的資源意味著你功利性地對(duì)待時(shí)間：認(rèn)為每一刻都應(yīng)該充分利用起來以使其向著某一既定目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。相形之下，沉浸式閱讀需要人們?cè)敢獬袚?dān)低效率、無目標(biāo)、甚至浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。將之插放在任務(wù)清單里只能進(jìn)行目標(biāo)集中式閱讀———-有時(shí)候有用，但是并非是最令人滿足的閱讀方式�！拔磥砭拖裼啦煌Ｐ�、永無止境傳送帶上的空瓶子一樣向我們走來”，蓋瑞·埃伯利在他《神圣的時(shí)間》一書中寫道：“隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我們要把這些不同大小的瓶子(天，小時(shí)，分鐘)裝滿，對(duì)此我們倍感壓力，因?yàn)槿绻鼈儧]有被裝滿就過去了的話，我們就是浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間�！睕]有什么思維模式(比這種思維模式)更不利于沉浸在書本中了。
第四段
�、賁o what does work? Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.
�、赮ou’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”.
�、踄ou could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.
�、堋癈arry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.
�、軴n a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading,and making time for everything else.
翻譯譯文：
那什么才起作用呢?安排固定時(shí)間閱讀，這也許出人意料。你或許認(rèn)為這可能會(huì)加劇“效率至上”的思維傾向，但實(shí)際上，埃伯利指出，這種例行行為幫助我們“從時(shí)間的流逝中走出來”，進(jìn)入“靈魂時(shí)間”。你可以通過只閱讀紙質(zhì)書或在只有單一功能的電子閱讀器上閱讀來減少干擾�！半S時(shí)隨身攜帶一本書”其實(shí)也可行——如果你能夠頻繁地沉入其中，這樣閱讀就成了你的默認(rèn)狀態(tài)，從中你可以暫時(shí)脫離開來處理工作，然后再沉浸進(jìn)去。在一個(gè)著實(shí)美好的日子里，你不會(huì)再感覺像是在“擠時(shí)間閱讀”，而是僅僅在閱讀，并且是要擠時(shí)間去做其他事。
試卷習(xí)題
1. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because_______
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
翻譯：
常規(guī)的時(shí)間管理技巧不起作用的原因是_______
[A]它們所提供的東西不能使現(xiàn)代人放松
[B]具有挑戰(zhàn)性的書需要的是反復(fù)閱讀
[C]人們經(jīng)常忘記的是隨身攜帶一本書
[D]深度閱讀所需要的無法得到保證
翻譯解析：
[定位]由題干中的the usual time-management techniques定位至第二段。③句指出：這些方法(即上述時(shí)間管理技巧)都不可行；隨后闡釋原因，⑥句總結(jié)根本原因：實(shí)現(xiàn)深度閱讀需要的不只是“(普通)時(shí)間”，而是一種僅憑提高效率無法獲得的“特殊時(shí)間”，也就是說，常規(guī)的時(shí)間管理技巧雖然有助于提高效率，但這樣擠出來的時(shí)間有別于“特殊時(shí)間”，不能滿足深度閱讀所需，因此[D]正確。
[解密]正確項(xiàng)[D] 是對(duì)第二段末句的合理概括， can not be guaranteed對(duì)應(yīng)句中cant be obtained merely by...；題干the usual time-management techniques與句中becoming more efficient對(duì)應(yīng)。
[A] 把④句中的youreso exhausted和⑤句中The modern mind糅雜， 在“技巧不能讓現(xiàn)代人的精神放松”VS“技巧不頂用”之間強(qiáng)加因果關(guān)聯(lián)，但文中“常常疲憊不堪無暇閱讀”是當(dāng)前快節(jié)奏生活下人們的客觀狀況， 并非技巧導(dǎo)致。[B] 從④句提到的a challenging book與②句Carry a book with you at all times臆斷出“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的書籍需要反復(fù)閱讀”；但文中提及“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的'書”是對(duì)比“現(xiàn)代人常常疲憊不堪”而言， 旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)人們雖然想沉下心閱讀， 但往往心有余力不足。[C] 利用②句Carry a book with you at all times設(shè)置反向干擾， 該內(nèi)容是對(duì)常見時(shí)間管理技巧的舉例， 不能從中推知“人們總是忘記攜帶書籍”。
2. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to______
[A] their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
翻譯：
“空瓶子”的隱喻表明人們對(duì)于______感到有壓力。
[A]更新他們的任務(wù)清單
[B]讓流逝的時(shí)間充盈起來
[C]完成他們的計(jì)劃
[D]追求無憂無慮的閱讀
翻譯解析：
[定位]由題干中的“empty bottles”定位至第三段。⑤句首先介紹“空瓶子”的隱喻：“未來”好比“沿著傳送帶不斷向我們運(yùn)來的空瓶子”；繼而說明現(xiàn)代人的心態(tài)：迫切地想把這些(象征“時(shí)間”的)瓶子裝滿，否則就是虛度光陰，也即，人們每天都因“想把時(shí)間安排得滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)”而備受壓力，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。
[解密][B]正確體現(xiàn)了作者“把時(shí)間比作空瓶子”的寫作目的：說明現(xiàn)代人“壓力巨大，生怕浪費(fèi)一分一秒”的心態(tài)。people feel a pressure to make passing time fulfilling與文中“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days， hours， minutes) as they pass”相對(duì)應(yīng)。
[A] 利用④句中a to-do list item和manage only...編造出“人們的任務(wù)清單不夠完善”；[C] 利用③句inefficiency、goal lessness、time-wasting和④句a to-do list、manage only...編造出“人們因低效而常常搞不定自己的計(jì)劃”；但該句重心不在于兩項(xiàng)所聚焦的“清單(to-do list) ”或“計(jì)劃(plan) ”， 而在于說明人們“(在清單中) 插空讀書”的效果：只能實(shí)現(xiàn)“目的性”閱讀而已。[D] 利用③句Immersive reading...being willing to risk inefficiency， goal lessness， even time-wasting編造出“人們苦于無法毫無顧慮、自由自在地讀書”，但該句是在客觀說明“沉浸式閱讀的本質(zhì)”，與空瓶子比喻無關(guān)。
3. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps_______
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
翻譯：
埃伯利贊同安排固定時(shí)間段閱讀有助于______
[A]激勵(lì)效率至上的思維模式
[B]培養(yǎng)在線閱讀的習(xí)慣京
[C]促進(jìn)例行性閱讀
[D]實(shí)現(xiàn)沉浸式閱讀
翻譯解析：
[定位]根據(jù)題干中scheduling regular times for reading定位至第四段。首句提出問題：究竟怎樣的時(shí)間管理方式對(duì)閱讀來說才有效?隨后作答：為閱讀安排固定時(shí)間段。③句借Eberle觀點(diǎn)說明這樣行事(such ritualistic behaviour指“固定時(shí)間閱讀”) 的作用：有助于人們掙脫“時(shí)間的流逝”， 進(jìn)人“靈魂時(shí)間”，聯(lián)系第三段③至⑤句即為：不再為浪費(fèi)時(shí)間而惶恐，實(shí)現(xiàn)純粹的沉浸式閱讀，因此[D]正確。
[解密]題干+正確項(xiàng)[D]是綜合第二段⑥句、第三段以及第四段②③句得出的結(jié)論，體現(xiàn)全文主旨。選項(xiàng)中immersive reading等同于第二段⑥句的Deep reading， 復(fù)現(xiàn)第三段③句immersive reading， 均與第四段③句soul time相對(duì)應(yīng)。
[A] 根據(jù)③句Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set設(shè)置障礙， 但該內(nèi)容為“讓步”邏輯， 表明慣常看法， 旨在引出Eberle的不同觀點(diǎn)。[B] 對(duì)④句對(duì)“克服閱讀分心”的建議“只讀紙質(zhì)書或使用單一功能的電子閱讀器”斷章取義，并將其偷換成了“安排固定時(shí)間段閱讀的作用”。[C]利用③句such ritualistic behaviour設(shè)置干擾， 從常識(shí)上來看， “安排固定時(shí)間段閱讀”確實(shí)能夠促進(jìn)“例行性(即習(xí)慣性) 閱讀”， 但該內(nèi)容并非Ebor le在文中所提及的觀點(diǎn)。
4. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if _______
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
翻譯：
如果_______“始終隨身攜帶一本書”會(huì)起作用。
[A]閱讀成為你一天當(dāng)中的首要事務(wù)
[B]所有的日常事務(wù)都已得到立即處理
[C]你能夠在閱讀之后返回到工作中去
[D]時(shí)間可以平均分配給閱讀和工作
翻譯解析：
[定位]根據(jù)題干可定位至第四段⑤句，句中破折號(hào)引出“隨身攜帶一本書”起作用的條件(providing作連詞， 意為“如果”) ：能經(jīng)常沉浸于書中， 閱讀成為默認(rèn)狀態(tài)， 而其他事務(wù)則變?yōu)楦綆В?也即，閱讀成為高于其他事務(wù)的首要事務(wù)，[A]正確。
[解密]題干+正確項(xiàng)[A] 是對(duì)⑤句的概括， 其中can work f...對(duì)應(yīng)原文can actually work， too-providing...；選項(xiàng)reading becomes your primary business提煉文中becomes the default state from which....
[B]把⑤句“短暫地浮出水面處理事務(wù)”偷換為“所有日常事務(wù)得到立即處理”。[C]顛倒關(guān)系，將⑤句中“處理完事務(wù)返回閱讀(before dropping back down) ”偷換為“閱讀之后返回工作(drop back to business) ”[D] 中“在閱讀和事務(wù)上平均分配時(shí)間(evenly split) ”與原文的強(qiáng)調(diào)“閱讀為主， 其他為輔”相矛盾。
5. The best title for this text could be_______
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
翻譯：
本文最佳標(biāo)題可能是_______
[A]如何享受輕松閱讀
[B]如何找時(shí)間閱讀
[C]如何設(shè)定閱讀目標(biāo)
[D]如何廣泛閱讀
翻譯解析：
[定位]第一段提出問題：如今人們總抱怨沒有時(shí)間閱讀。第二、三段分析問題：闡釋常見時(shí)間管理技巧在閱讀上不可行的根本原因。第四段提出建議：安排固定時(shí)間段來閱讀，把閱讀當(dāng)作“主業(yè)”，其他事務(wù)當(dāng)作“副業(yè)”�？梢娙尼槍�(duì)“現(xiàn)代人煩惱沒有時(shí)間閱讀”提出可行性辦法，[B]正確。
[解密]文章標(biāo)題體現(xiàn)全文主旨，應(yīng)涉及文章探討的主要對(duì)象，涵蓋全文主題。本文主題包含兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息——閱讀、時(shí)間，[B]包含這兩個(gè)信息，并完美涵蓋了主題。[A]、[C]、[D]均未體現(xiàn)文中的關(guān)鍵信息之一-時(shí)間， 且enjoy、reading goals從文中細(xì)枝末節(jié)中捕風(fēng)捉影， extensively在文中并無體現(xiàn)。
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