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談句型的靈活運(yùn)用
句子也是如此，我們提倡簡煉，但不是說都用簡單句。有人認(rèn)為在寫作考試中，采用簡單句、短句、容易掌握，不在會出錯，因而也最保險(xiǎn)。這話沒有錯，但簡單句用得太多，造成簡單句的堆徹實(shí)際上是語言技巧不成熟、不老練，甚至語言水平低下的表現(xiàn)。在閱卷人員看來，同樣的意思內(nèi)容，一個(gè)考生能夠運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，其語言水平當(dāng)然要比只會用簡單句來表達(dá)的考生的語言水平高出一截，就是有點(diǎn)錯也不妨礙他比后者取得較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)樗碾y度系數(shù)要高。在某種意義上來說，在詞數(shù)相同的作文中，語言水平越高，語言技巧越熟練，句子的數(shù)目也就越少。這就意味著句子長了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜了。當(dāng)然，我們反對過多地使用簡單句并不是鼓勵學(xué)生去刻意追求長句、復(fù)雜句。我們追求的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多變。一篇文章能根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，會產(chǎn)生較好的藝術(shù)效果。
例子1
The Career I Pursue的主體段：
A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life. Second, teaching means freedom. As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catching a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, and no more worries about being laid off because you are getting old.
文中有4個(gè)詞的短句:First, teaching is learning. 也有27個(gè)詞的長句:To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life. 有簡單句,也有復(fù)雜句:As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me; 還有同位語句，斷裂句，排比句，比較句等,因而文章讀起來節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)。所謂句子變化，主要是指句子的開頭要有變化，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)要有變化，句子的長度要有變化。不要連續(xù)使用幾個(gè)簡單句，要學(xué)會使用復(fù)雜句。
例子2
a) Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are
also encouraged by their peers. Under such
circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes
they feel a little guilty.
b) Pressured by school work and encouraged by their
peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, tough
they feel a little guilty sometimes.
不要總是以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開頭(受漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響,不少考生都喜歡以I，People，We等開頭)。
例子3
a) Many people think birth control is quite necessary
in China.
b) It is widely/commonly thought/believed/held/accepted
that birth control is quite necessary in China.
a) More and more people agree (realize/are aware)
that women should enjoy full equality with men.
b) There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness)
that women should enjoy full equality with men.
a) Many Chinese people have gone to the United
States in the past 15 years.
b) The past 15 years have brought many Chinese
people to the United States.
a) We almost forget this event.
b) This event is now almost fading from our memory.
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