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Unit 16 What a good, kind girl!
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
本單元的功能項(xiàng)目為“問題”及“路線的指引”。整個(gè)單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容都是圍繞這一中心而展開的。本單元的語法項(xiàng)目是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和may的用法：請(qǐng)求許可和談?wù)摽赡苄浴?/p>
第61課首先出現(xiàn)了一張標(biāo)有不同建筑物的地圖。接著安排了一段對(duì)話，讓學(xué)生對(duì)照地圖學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)問題和指路的表達(dá)法，最后是一個(gè)問路和指路的練習(xí)。
第62課是一個(gè)短劇。敘述了一個(gè)女學(xué)生陪伴一個(gè)外國婦女去醫(yī)院探望她丈夫的故事。由于女孩也不知道去醫(yī)院的路線，所以向警察問路，從而引出了不少問路和指路的表達(dá)法及may表示可能性的用法。
第63課通過朗讀、練習(xí)、問答等活動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的兩種用法。
第64課為復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固問路、指路及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的用法，安排了不同的教學(xué)活動(dòng)。第五部分的閱讀短文教師可根據(jù)班級(jí)實(shí)際情況決定是否讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行閱讀。
重難點(diǎn)及疑點(diǎn)分析
（－）重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)
A．單詞
tell, across, miss, reach, way, wait, cut
B．句子
1. Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the library?
2. Walk along ZhongShan Road, and turn right at the second crossing.
3. Go across the bridge. You’ II find the library on the left.
across是介詞，是“橫穿”的意思，表示某動(dòng)作在物體表面進(jìn)行。它的動(dòng)詞是cross，名詞是crossing。
4．You can’t miss it．
（1）miss在這里相當(dāng)于no find或not see，“未看見”的意思。
（2）miss還相當(dāng)于be late for或not catch，“錯(cuò)過”“沒趕上”的意思。
He missed the early bus yesterday morning.
5．What’s the matter?
What’s the matter? 相當(dāng)What’s wrong? 或What’s the trouble?
6. Maybe you put it there.
7. It s take you about half an hour.
C．語法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和may的用法。
（二）疑點(diǎn)
A．句子
1．Go on until you reach the end．
until在本句中是連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“直到……為止”，主句是肯定句，謂語動(dòng)詞要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句將來時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示。如：I will wait for you until you returns.
2．He’s sick in hospital．
in hospital在這里作“住院”講，表示一種抽象的意義。 hospital前不要加定冠詞the。 in the hospital表示“在某家醫(yī)院”，不一定住院。如：His father works in the hospital.
3．Ah，so it is．
該句結(jié)構(gòu)為so+主+助動(dòng)詞，表示同意對(duì)方所陳述的觀點(diǎn)，常譯作“的確如此”或“可不是嗎”。例如
（l）—He could sing some English songs when he was ten years old.
—So he could.
（2）—It’s raining heavily outside.
—Ah, so it is.
B．語法
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的一般疑問句表示請(qǐng)求許可時(shí)它的否定回答不能用may not而用mustn’t或can’t。
－May I use your computer?
—No, you mustn’t./No, you can’t.
交際用語教學(xué)
本單元的交際用語主要是關(guān)于問路方面的。在前兩冊書中我們已學(xué)過一些有關(guān)問路的用語，結(jié)合本單元所學(xué)的，我們可以作一些歸納，便利學(xué)生加以記憶。
1. Excuse me. Where’s the (nearest) . . . please?
2. Which is the way to...?
3. Do you know the way to. . . ?
4. How can I get to( reach) . . . from. . . ?
5. Can you tell me the way from. . . to. . . ?
6. Can you tell me how to get to...?
7. Can you find the way from. . . to. . . ?
8. I want to go to. ...Do you know the way to. . . ?
9. I’m looking for. . . .Where is it, do you know?
這些問句可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行回答。如：Excuse me. Where’s the nearest book shop? It’s in front of/behind/next to/on the right side of/the shopping centre. Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to/reach Zhongshan Park? Walk along/down/up this street. Take the second turning on the left/right/walk across the bridge/the street/it’s between. . .and. . .等等。
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在“問路”時(shí)，如對(duì)方不知道，問路人仍要向他表示謝意。
1. A: Excuse me. Is there a middle school near here?
B: I’ m sorry, I don’t know.
A: Thank you all the same.
2. A: Excuse me. Which is the way to the theatre?
B: Sony. I’m new here. You can ask the policeman over there. Maybe he knows.
A: Thank you all the same.
在以上總結(jié)歸納的基礎(chǔ)上，教師可以編一些對(duì)話，或?qū)W生相互之間編一些對(duì)話，供大家練習(xí)。
1. A: Excuse me. Where’s the nearest video shop?
B: Yes. Walk along Beijing Road, and turn left at the third crossing. Go across the bridge, you will find the video shop on the right.
B: It’s a pleasure.
2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell/show me the way to NO. 7 Middle School?
B: Go straight to the shopping centre and turn right. Then walk across Zhongshan Road, you will find a theatre, NO. 7 Middle School is one the right.
A: Thank you very much.
B: Not at all.
3. A: Excuse me. How Can I get to/reach the library from the zoo?
B: Go on until you reach the end of the road. Them turn left and you will find the library. It’s between the shops and the market, you can t miss it.
A: Many thanks.
B: That’s OK.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和can的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和can一是表示請(qǐng)求/許可，二是表示可能性。它們的回答可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行，但要告訴學(xué)生情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的否定回答不能用 may not，只能用can’t。
1．請(qǐng)求/許可
May I watch TV in the evening? Yes, you may./No, you can’t.
May I use your computer? Certainly, Here it is./Sorry, I am using it.
May I come in? Yes, please./Come in, please./Please don’t./Wait a moment, please.
May I speak to Miss Li, please? Certainly./One moment, please./I’m afraid not. She isn’t here at the moment.
Can I borrow these books? Yes, please./Sorry, you can’t.
Can you tell me the way to the cafe? Sure./Certainly./Sorry, I don’t know.
2. 表示可能性
They may have a lot of work to do.
Lucy isn’t here, she may be ill in hospital.
Where’s Li Ping? He may go to the shopping centre with his parents.
A: Do you know John s address?
B: Sorry, I don’t know. But my English teacher may know.
閱讀訓(xùn)練
第62課講述了一個(gè)中國小女孩在去看電影的途中幫助一個(gè)外國婦女找她丈夫住院的醫(yī)院。文中安排了一些問路的表達(dá)法，本文可用兩種方法組織學(xué)生閱讀。
1．導(dǎo)入 法：先讓學(xué)生看懂文中兩幅插圖基本內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)老師所列出的閱讀提綱組織學(xué)生閱讀。
2．老師根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容提出若干問題。例如：
(1 )Why does Liu Mei help the woman?
(2) Why can’t the woman find the address of the hospital?
(3) What’s the name of the hospital?
(4) Does the girl know the way to the hospital?
…
要求學(xué)生根據(jù)老師提出的問題進(jìn)行閱讀。最后根據(jù)不同層次的學(xué)生回答相應(yīng)的問題。
學(xué)法建議
1．本單元的新單詞比較多，同學(xué)們可以動(dòng)腦筋進(jìn)行分析。不難看出，可以用聯(lián)想法記憶單詞。例如：lady ，ladies’ room, cross across crossing, library lab cafe video shop church, geography physics history
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2．掌握表示問路的一些習(xí)慣用法，自制幾張方位圖，兩人一小組，根據(jù)方位圖上所表出的不同位置，替換一些問路的用法并相互提問著練習(xí)。
3．第62課的課文可以在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)課文插圖分四人一組進(jìn)行表演。
能力訓(xùn)練
1．本單元的交際功能項(xiàng)目為“問路”。通過本單元的看圖說話、句型操練、課文閱讀和對(duì)話表演，熟練掌握有關(guān)問題的習(xí)慣用語。
2．學(xué)生在運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和may的基礎(chǔ)上，通過老師的適當(dāng)講解掌握他們的用法。
教學(xué)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may有兩個(gè)含義：一是請(qǐng)求許可及表示允許，譯作“可以”，上學(xué)期已學(xué)過，可先復(fù)習(xí)如下：
May I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustn't.
May I watch TV after supper? Yes, you may. No, you mustn't.
May I use your pen? Certainly. Here you are. Sorry. I'm using it.
May I borrow your bike? Sure. Here's the key. Sorry, it's broken.
May I come in? Yes, please./Come in. please. Please don't./Wait a moment, please.
May I go with you? Why not? No, please not.
May I have a cake, please? Sure. Here you are. Sorry. Wait a while.
May I speak to Miss Li, please? Certainly./0ne moment, please. I'm afraid not. She isn't here at the moment.
may的第二個(gè)用法是表示可能性，說明現(xiàn)在的或?qū)淼目赡苄�，譯作“可能”、“也許”除讓學(xué)生按第87、88課上的幾種口頭練習(xí)進(jìn)行操練并掌握外，還可利用學(xué)過的詞語，設(shè)置
1. From the weather report it may rain here the day after tomorrow.
2. It is quite cloudy now. I hope the cloud may lift in the afternoon.
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3. We'd better take the raincoats with us. It may rain tonight.
4. Bruce called you this morning, but you were not in. He may ring you again this evening.
5. She is better today. She may go on writing the story.
6. I went to Lily's home yesterday, but didn't see her grandfather. He is very old and often ill. He may be in hospital again.
7. A: Why can't we see Robert here?
B: He may be in the next room.
8. A: Do you know John's address?
B: No, I don't. But I saw you wrote down his address on a piece of paper
A: Yes, but I can't find it.
B: It may be in your inside pocket.
A: No, it isn't there.
B: It may be in your pencil-box.
A: No, I looked there.
B: Your mother may know the address.
A: Well, let me ask her. Thank you.
B: Not at all.
關(guān)于問路句型分析
Which is the way to North street Hospital? 去北大醫(yī)院怎么走？
這是問路的一種說法，除此之外還可以說：
Where is North Street Hospital, please?
Can you tell me the way to North Street Hospital, please?
Can you tell me how I can get to North Street Hospital?
指點(diǎn)方向一般有以下幾種表達(dá)方法：
Go along the road. Walk along the street.
Take the first turning on the right/left. Turn right/left at the second crossing.
It's next to … It's beside/behind … It's between … and …
考點(diǎn)指要
1．may表示可以(相當(dāng)于to be allowed/permitted):
You may take this seat. (=You are allowed to take this seat.)你可以坐這個(gè)位子。
May I come in?我可以進(jìn)來嗎?
在回答這類問題時(shí)，人們通常避免用may來回答，而是用別的方式:
—May I sit here? ——我可以坐這兒嗎?
—Yes, please. (或Certainly.) ——請(qǐng)坐吧。(當(dāng)然可以。)
—Please don't. ——請(qǐng)不要坐在這兒。
—No, you mustn't. ——不，不行。
2．表示一件事可能會(huì)發(fā)生或某種情況可能存在(只能用于陳述句)
He may be busy today. 今天他可能很忙。
She may go to Beijing by air next month.她下個(gè)月可能乘飛機(jī)去北京。
A fool may give a wise man counsel.傻子也可能給聰明人出主意。(諺)
3．在表示目的或讓步的狀語從句中構(gòu)成謂語：
Stand up so that you may see farther.大家站起來以便看得更遠(yuǎn)。
No matter what you may say, I will go ahead.不管你怎么說，我都要干下去。
4．可用于表示祝愿：
May that day come soon. 愿那一天早日到來。
May your dream come true. 愿你的夢想成真。
辨析cross, crossing和across
A. cross與across都可譯作“橫穿/越過”，但詞性不同。cross是動(dòng)詞，across是介詞，cross sth. =go across sth.,
Go across the bridge. 橫穿過那座橋。
B. go across 橫穿過，區(qū)別于 go along沿著，一直走。如：
go across the street 橫穿過街道，
go along/ up / down the street 沿著街道走。
C. crossing n. 十字路口。如：
Turn right/left at the second/first. . . crossing. 在第二/一個(gè)路口向右/右拐。
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=Take the second /first. . . turning on the right/left.
例：找出下列句中的錯(cuò)誤并改正
Go cross the bridge, and you'll find the library.
分析與解答：句中的cross作名詞時(shí)意思是“十字形（物）”，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意思是“穿過；橫過”，在此和動(dòng)詞go連用，犯了語法上的錯(cuò)誤。go是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后跟賓語時(shí)，需加介詞。而介詞across 表示“穿過；橫過”，因此應(yīng)該把cross改成across。
關(guān)于still用法分析
still“還，仍然”，用作副詞時(shí)，一般與動(dòng)詞連用，說明過去開始的情況或動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)。在使用時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其位置的變化。
1．一般放在don't, doesn't等詞的前面。如：
I still don't know now. 現(xiàn)在我仍然不知道。
2．be動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間。如：
Look! The children are still watching TV. 瞧！孩子們?nèi)匀辉诳措娨暋?/p>
3．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形之間。如：
You could still ask him about it. 你仍能問他那件事。
4．作“還要、更”解時(shí)，用在形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前，表示程度，相當(dāng)于even。
Jim's kite flies high, his brother's flies still higher. 吉姆的風(fēng)箏飛得高，他哥哥的飛得更高。
辨析in time和on time
兩個(gè)短語都有“按時(shí)、準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的意思。
1）in time指“及時(shí)”，表示動(dòng)作“在老人家時(shí)間內(nèi)或提前發(fā)生”。如：
You'll get there just in time. 你將會(huì)正好及時(shí)到那兒（沒誤事）。
When he was hungry, I sent the bread to him in time.他餓時(shí)，我及時(shí)送了面包給他。
2）on time 強(qiáng)調(diào)“準(zhǔn)時(shí)、按時(shí)”，即at the right time。如：
Please be come on time. Don't be late. 請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，別遲到。（不早不晚）。
The train came in on time.火車準(zhǔn)時(shí)進(jìn)站。
辨析So it is. / So is it.
1) So it is. “它確實(shí)是這樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語通常與上文的主語相同，主謂語不倒裝，用于對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步肯定和確認(rèn)。句型為：so+主語+be(have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如：
—The students work hard. 學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)。
—So they do. 確實(shí)是這樣。
2）So is it. “它也是”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語與上文的主語不同，表示前句所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人（或物）。句型是：So + be(have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語，意為“……同樣/也那樣�！比纾�
—English people eat a lot of potatoes. 英國人常吃土豆。
—So do we. 我們也是。
辨析maybe/ may be
1）maybe是副詞，意為“也許，大概”。它通常放在句子的開頭，在句子中作狀語。如：
Maybe they won't come here tonight. 他們大概今晚不會(huì)來這兒。
Maybe she is happy. 也許她是幸福的。
2）may be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加動(dòng)詞原形be構(gòu)成的，在句中做謂語，意為“可能是、大概是”，后接形容詞、介詞短語或名詞作表語。如：
She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以說：Maybe she is at home.）
You may be right. 你可能是對(duì)的。（也可以說：Maybe you are right.）
正誤例析
你的鋼筆可能在你的口袋里。
誤：Your pen maybe in one of your pocket.
正：Your pen may be in one of your pockets.
Maybe your pen is in one of your pockets.
解析：maybe為副詞“或許，可能”之意，在句中作狀語；may be為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成，在句中作謂語，one of后面須接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
關(guān)于not until用法分析
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor. 你在看大夫前，一定不能吃任何東西。
not…until…意為“直到……才……，在……以前不……”。在這個(gè)句型中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作直到何時(shí)才發(fā)生。例如：
I won't leave until / before you come back. 你回來以前我不離開。（直到你回來我才離開。）
until用于肯定句中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到何時(shí)為止。例如：
Go on until you reach the end. 你走下去一直走到頭。
He waited until I came back. 他一直等到我回來。
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Unit 16 What a good, kind girl!
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