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高二英語第二十二單元A Tale of Two cities
科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit22.1.doc
標(biāo)題 A Tale of Two cities
章節(jié) 第二十二單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第二十二單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
servant ， let…in ， mad ， brave ， cruel ， have a test ， deed ， in public ， sentence…to death ， eager ， do a good deed ， tale ，revolutionary ，cart ，disturb， mental ，noble， tax， fortune ，arrival ，prisoner，mentally ，in peace，strength ，attend ，fall in love with ，make sure of ，suffer ，suffer from ，set fire to ，burn…to the ground， court，do wrong ，chemist
Ⅱ. 交際英語
1. You must have been…
2. She can\'t have been…
3. She may have done…
4. You might have done…
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
學(xué)習(xí) - ing 形式作定語和狀語的用法
1 . - ing 形式做定語可以表示所修飾名詞的性質(zhì)特征。如：
an exciting news ( =a news which is exciting ) 一個令人激動的消息
a moving film ( =a film which is moving ) 一個令人感動影片
注意：a surprising look 一個令人吃驚的表情 a surprised look 一個吃驚的表情
- ing 形式作定語表示修飾名詞的性質(zhì)，特征； - ed 形式做定語表示所修飾名詞的狀態(tài)。
2 . - ing 形式做狀語時通常表示主語正在進(jìn)行另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或做主要陪襯。這樣用時 ( 1 ) - ing 形式表示的必須是主語的一個動作即 - ing 形式的動作發(fā)出者應(yīng)是句子的主語。 ( 2 ) - ing 形式所表示的動作和謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 ( 3 ) - ing 形式表示的是次要動作，對謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)加以說明。
1 ) - ing 形式在句中可以做伴隨狀語，常放于句后。 如：
They sat in front of the building , laughing and chatting .
He worked late yesterday , preparing for the lecture .
2 ) - ing 形式可以做時間狀語，常放句首。如：
( When ) Walking in the street , I caught sight of a tailor\'s shop .
( After ) Finishing my work , I went out .
3 ) - ing 形式可以做原因狀語，常放句首。
如：Being ill , he can\'t go to school .
Not knowing her address , we couldn\'t get in touch with her .
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
promise , admit , let , allow
請看試題：
Mother never ________ my brother to go swimming in the river .
A . promised B . admitted C . let D . allowed
此題命得好。所給四個選項(xiàng)均有較強(qiáng)的相互干擾性，增加了試題的難度。其中 let 要求不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，易排除。選項(xiàng) promise , allow 均可用于“vt . + 賓語 + to do sth . ”句型中。如：I promised him to attend to the matter promptly . Allow me to introduce Mr . Zhang . 但是，promise 是較正式的書面用語。admit 不能用 admit sb . to do sth . 句型結(jié)構(gòu)。admit 表示“接受”、“允許”、“讓某人享有”之意，一般用于 admit of sth . 結(jié)構(gòu)中。promise“允許”、“答應(yīng)”，含有“保證” ( 許下諾言 ) 和“有 ( 良好的 ) 前途或希望”之意 ( 如：答應(yīng)給買一輛自行車 ) 。allow 的意思側(cè)重于“聽任”或“默許”，也就是僅僅“不加阻止”。是口語化的說法。根據(jù)語境，上面試題的最佳答案應(yīng)選D ( allowed ) 。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . eager 用作形容詞，意為“渴望的，殷切期盼的；熱心的”。其副詞形式為 eagerly , 名詞形式為 eagerness。例如：
He was eager for success .
They are eager to see their daughter .
John was eager for us to come to the party .
We are eager that the project should be started early .
They listened to the lecture with eager attention .
2 . disturb 常用作及物動詞，意為“妨礙，打擾 ( 睡眠、工作等 ) ；擾亂…，搞亂…；使 ( 人 ) 心神不寧”。例如：
The noise in the street disturbed my study .
Tell me if I\'m disturbing you .
A light wind disturbed the smooth surface of the lake .
She was disturbed to near of her mother\'s sudden illness .
3 . fortunate 用作形容詞，意為“幸運(yùn)的，運(yùn)氣好”，其名詞形式為 fortune , 副詞形式為 fortunately。fortunate 后通常跟 in doing sth , to do sth . 或 that 從句。例如：
She is fortunate in having a good husband .
I\'m fortunate to have good health .
It was fortunate that he was saved by the passing boat .
Fortunately , they returned safely .
4 . suffer 既可用作及物動詞，意為“遭受 ( 痛苦、損害等 ) ”；也可用作不及物動詞，意為“受苦，苦惱，患病，遭受損害”。例如：
The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake .
They suffered a great deal in the war .
I\'m pleased to know that you didn\'t suffer much pain while you were ill .
His health suffered terribly from the heavy drinking .
suffer from 常用作短語，意為“苦于……；患……病”。例如：
The village is suffering from depopulation .
Last week I suffered a bad cold .
5 . doubt 既可用作名詞，也可用作動詞，意為“懷疑”。例如：
I have some doubt about his words .
There is no doubt of his success .
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job .
I have no doubt that he will pass the examination .
I doubt the truth of the news .
I doubt whether he will keep his work .
I don\'t doubt that our team will win .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . let in 意為“讓……進(jìn)來”。例如：
You must keep the door closed , don\'t let the dog in .
Windows let in light and air .
Will you please let Mr Smith in by opening the door?
He has a key to the front door so he will be able to let himself in .
2 . in public 意為“公開地；公然地；當(dāng)眾地。”例如：
It\'s bad manners to spit in public .
The little girl does not like to speak English in public .
Don\'t make so much noise in public .
3 . sentence…to death 意為“將……判處死刑”。例如：
The murderer was sentenced to death last week .
The robber has been caught and was sentenced to three year\'s imprisonment .
4 . take the place of 意為“代替；取代”，這一短語也可以用 take sb\'s place 來代替。
I will take the place of your teacher .
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam ones in our country .
Mr John take your manager\'s place .
Your manager is very ill , so Mr John is taking his place .
5 . keep silent 意為“保持沉默”。例如：
When the teacher questioned the students , some of whom kept silent .
Don\'t keep silent when you are asked to answer the question .
6 . fall in love with ( =lose one\'s heart to ) 意為“愛上”。例如：
The young man fell in love with the beautiful girl at first sight .
He fell in love with her when they worked together in the country .
He liked the girl but didn\'t fall in love with her .
7 . make sure of + sth . / doing sth . 意為“將……弄確切；確�！�。
We should get there as early as possible in order to make sure of getting a ticket for the concert .
Will you make sure of his return?
make sure + that - clause 還可以作為一個句型掌握。如：
I haven\'t made sure that I will win the match .
Please make sure that lights are turned off .
Will you make sure that he returned?
Make sure that you pick me up at five .
8 . set fire to sth . ( =set sth . on fire ) 意為“放火燒某物；使某物著火”。例如：
The enemy set fire to the village .
( =The enemy set the village on fire . )
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1 . The guards couldn\'t have been watching very carefully . 衛(wèi)兵不可能一直進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)視。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 對于現(xiàn)在事件的否定推斷，可用 can\'t 或 couldn\'t 加上動詞 be 的不定式一般式。如：
child：Can I have some sweets? I\'m hungry . 我可以吃一點(diǎn)糖果嗎?我餓了。
Mother：You can\'t / couldn\'t be hungry . You\'ve just had dinner . 你不會餓的，你剛吃過飯。
( 2 ) 對于過去事件的否定推斷，可以由 can\'t / couldn\'t + 任何動詞的不定式完成式來表示。例如中“couldn\'t + have been + v . - ing”是couldn\'t + 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式，表示“想必不可能一直在進(jìn)行”的意思。例如：
It\'s very late now . Jack can\'t have been waiting at the bus stop .
All the lights were out . They couldn\'t have been working in the factory .
She couldn\'t have been writing . So far as I know , she has been ill since last month .
( 3 ) 在其它時態(tài)中的用法。例如：
Tom：A man answered the phone . I suppose it was her husband .
Ann：It couldn\'t have been her husband . He\'s been dead for ages .
Ann：Who brought the grand piano upstairs?
Mary：Perhaps it was Tom .
Ann：He can\'t / couldn\'t have dome it by himself .
2 . You must have been mad to speak to the servant! 你跟那個仆人講話，準(zhǔn)是發(fā)瘋了!
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) “must have + 過去分詞”表示對過去情況比較肯定的推測，意為“準(zhǔn)是”，“想必一定是”。又如：
She must have been very young when she got married .
The ground is wet . It must have rained last night .
He must have arrived by now .
Mary must have caught a cold . she had a high fever last night .
( 2 ) 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，用“must + 動詞不定式 ( 不帶to ) ”，如：
Mary must catch a cold , she has a high fever .
This must be your room .
Comrade Li must be in the dormitory now .
You must be joking .
He must be seventy now .
3 . She understood what I was talking about , even though it was the first time we had spoken together . 即使這是我們第一次在一起講話，她也懂得我同她談的道理。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 在下列表達(dá)方式之后，要用完成時：
it ( this , that ) is the first ( second , third , fourth… ) time…
it ( this , that ) is the only…
it ( this , that ) is t he finest ( worst , most interesting ) … 例如：
It was the first time that she had sung in public .
This is the first time ( that ) I\'ve felt really relaxed for months .
This is the second time that I have met her .
This is the fourth time ( that ) I\'ve heard her sing that song .
This is the only party ( that ) I\'ve ever really enjoyed in my life .
It\'s one of the most interesting books ( that ) I\'ve ever read .
( 2 ) 現(xiàn)在時可以和 for the first time 連用。試比較：
This is the first time I\'ve been here . 這是我頭一次來這里。 ( 此句不能說… I\'m here . )
I\'m here for the first time . 我是頭一次來這里。
( 3 ) it is time + 動詞不定式，這種句型表示“應(yīng)該做某事了”。例如：
It\'s time to go to school ( go to bed ) .
It\'s time for you to get a bath . 你該洗個澡了。
4 . They had come from England , having heard the strange news that Dr Manette , Lucie\'s father , was alive and was living in Paris . 他們從英國來因?yàn)槁牭揭粋�奇怪的消息——露西的父親曼奈特醫(yī)生仍然活著，而且住在巴黎。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) having heard the strange news 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，作表示原因的狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句 ( as they had heard the strange news ) 。在這個分詞短語后面緊跟一個由 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句：that Dr Manette…in Paris .
( 2 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式是“having + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，它表示這動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，常用作狀語，表示原因或時間。例如：
Having finished his work , he went home .
=After he had finished his work , he went home .
5 . Dr Manette , having been kept a prisoner in the Bastille , Paris\'s most important prison , for many years , had recently been set free… 曼奈特醫(yī)生曾被當(dāng)作囚犯關(guān)在巴黎最重要的監(jiān)獄巴士底獄多年，最近獲釋了……
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 這個句子的主語和謂語是：Dr Manette had recently been set free , 而 having been kept a prisoner…for many years 作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個表示時間的狀語從句：after he had ben kept…for many years .
( 2 ) “having been kept…”是現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動語態(tài)形式，它由“having been + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示：已經(jīng)被……”的意思，在句子中主要作狀語，表示時間或原因。
Lucie Manette , having been told of the news , became excited and decided to start for France immediately . ( =After she had been told of the news , Lucie Manette became excited… ) 露西曼奈特得知這個消息之后，情緒很激動，決定立即起程去巴黎。 ( 作時間狀語 )
Having been translated into many languages , his book soon became well known in the world . ( =As it has been translated into many languages , his book became… ) 他的書由于譯成多種文字，很快就舉世聞名了。 ( 作原因狀語 )
6 . The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country , having lived such a hard life for so long . took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles . 城市貧民和鄉(xiāng)村里的農(nóng)民由于長期以來過著非常艱苦的生活，拿起刀槍開始?xì)⒏挥械馁F族來了。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) the poor =poor people . 形容詞前加一個定冠詞 the，則表示一類人或一類東西。如：the rich ( 富人 ) ，the young ( 年輕人 ) ，the old ( 老年人 ) ，the blind ( 盲人 ) ，the new ( 新的東西 ) ，the ordinary ( 普通的東西 ) ，the unusual ( 不尋常的東西 ) 等。
( 2 ) having lived such a hard life for so long 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式短語，作表示原因的狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句：as they had lied such a hard life for so long .
句中的 lived 作“度過，過著”解，life 是它的同源賓語。在英語中有些不及物動詞如 live , die , sleep , smile , dream , fight , laugh 等后面可有一個意義與它相同的賓語，這樣的賓語叫做同源賓語。又如：
We are now living a happy life . =We are living happily .
He lived the rest of his life in the United States .
He died a heroic death in the battle .
The baby slept a good sleep .
The little girl smiled a sweet smile .
I dreamed a beautiful dream last night .
At this we laughed a hearty laugh .
She sang a nice song .
7 . On reading it , he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison , through no fault of his own . 讀完信后，他得知他法國家中的一名仆人本人沒有任何罪過被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān) 獄。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) on reading it =As soon as he read the letter . 介詞 on 作“在……時，在……之后”解。相當(dāng)于一個月 as soon as 引導(dǎo)的表示時間的狀語從句。強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作一發(fā)生，另一動作立即發(fā)生。例如：
On hearing the news . he burst out crying .
=As soon as he heard the news . he burst out crying .
( 2 ) on 作此義解時，后面還可跟名詞。如：
However , on his arrival in Paris , he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison . 然而，當(dāng)他一到巴黎就立即被人認(rèn)出是貴族，因而被投入監(jiān)獄。
其中 on his arrival in Paris =on arriving in Paris =as soon as he arrived in Paris .
On his return from Beijing . he began his research work .
8 . Although Lucie married Charles , Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 雖然露西嫁經(jīng)他查爾斯，但是悉尼還是向露西許諾，說為了確保她生活幸福，他愿意為她做一切可能做的事。
〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 這是一個復(fù)合句，主句是 Sydney promised her , 后跟由 that 引起的賓語從句：he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 其中插入了一個省略了關(guān)系代詞 that 的定語從句： ( that ) he could ( do ) , 修飾先行詞 anything。
( 2 ) 句首是由 although 引起的讓步狀語從句。
( 3 ) 不定式短語“to make sure of her happiness”在句中作目的狀語，修飾謂語“would always do anything”。
【 妙文賞析 】
老板問盤子干嘛 ?
When a Korean woman who lives in the United States arrived at work one morning , her boss asked her , “Did you get a plate ? ”“No… , ”she answered , wondering what in the world he meant . She worked in an office . Why did the boss ask her about a plate ? All day she wondered about her boss\'s strange question , but she was too embarrassed to ask him about it . At five o\'clock , when she was getting ready to go home , her boss said , “Please be on time tomorrow . You were 15 minutes late this morning . ”“Sorry , ”she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she stopped talking and began to smile . Now she understood . Her boss hadn\'t asked her “Did you get a plate ? ”He had asked her , “Did you get up late ? ”
【 思維體操 】
Use Your Head
A man wants to take a dog , a hen and some rice across a river . But there is only one boat and he can only take one at a time . If he leaves the hen with the rice only , the hen will eat the rice；if he leaves the dog with the hen only , the dog will hurt the hen . He thinks it over and an idea comes to his mind .
Do you know how the man manages to take them all across the river without the hen\'s eating the rice and the dog\'s hurting the hen?
答案：He takes the hen over first , leaves it there , returns and takes the rice . He leaves the rice and brings the hen back with him . He leaves the hen and takes the dog . Then he leaves the dog and returns for the hen .
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與測試熱點(diǎn)
動名詞、分詞、不定式由于句意或語法的需要，要帶上自身的邏輯主語 (也稱作復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) ，它們依據(jù)在句中所起的不同作用需要不同的形式，在測試中極易混淆，下面是考試的熱點(diǎn)：
※ 動名詞的邏輯主語
1. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon .
A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . you\'re calling
2. Do you mind ____ alone at home ?
A . Jane leaving B . Jane having left C . Jane\'s being left D . Jane to be left
3. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ?
A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking
4. I can\'t understand ____ at that poor child .
A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing
［分析］答案依次為C、C、C、D。
〖思維一〗動名詞的邏輯主語有兩種形式：
1 . 動名詞及其邏輯主語在句中一同作主語時，只能用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，不可用賓格或普通格。如：
My (Tom\'s) being late made the teacher angry . (作主語不可用 me 或 Tom)
His (Smith\'s) being elected manager surprised us a lot . (作主語不可用 him 或 Smith)
2 . 動名詞及其邏輯主語在句中一同作賓語時，動名詞的邏輯主語除用物主代詞和名詞所有格外，還可用代詞賓格或名詞普通格。如：
The teacher is angry at my (Tom\'s ) being late . (作賓語可用 me 或 Tom)
Would you mind my (my sister\'s) turning up the radio a little ? (作賓語可用me 或 my sister)
※ 不定式的邏輯主語
That\'s really kind ____ .
A . of you to say so B . for you to say so C . of you saying D . for you saying so
We think it dangerous ____ swimming alone in the river .
A . of him to go B . of him going C . for him to go D . for him going
［分析］答案依次為A、C。不定式的邏輯主語有兩種形式：
〖思維二〗1 . 大多數(shù)情況下不定式的邏輯主語由“形容詞 + for sb . to do”構(gòu)成。如：
It is necessary for us to learn a second foreign language .
Abraham Lincoln thought it not right for the South to break away from the Union .
2 . 如果邏輯主語前面是表示人的性格特征的形容詞如 kind、friendly、clever、wise、cruel、foolish、stupid 等時用“形容詞 + of sb . to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
It\'s foolish of him to lend so much money to her .
It\'s kind of you to have given us so much help .
上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可用下列方法區(qū)分：可改成“sb . + be to do”意義成立時用“of sb . to do sth . ”，改成“sb . + be to do”意義不通時用“for sb . to do。”如上例中可改為：
He is foolish to lend her so much money . (成立)
We are necessary to learn a second foreign language . (不成立)
※ 分詞的邏輯主語(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
The meeting ____ over , we all left the room and drove home .
A . is B . to be C . being D . would be
Lit by countless lights , ____ .
A . We find the hall very beautiful B . many of the people admire the hall
C . the hall is as bright as the day D . children entered the hall
____ , they will go and visit the zoo .
A . Weather permitting B . Weather permitted
C . Weather being permitted D . Weather having permitted
［分析］答案依次為C、C、A。
〖思維三〗分詞的邏輯主語(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)) 有三種主要形式：
1 . 當(dāng)主句主語不是分詞的邏輯主語時，分詞短語必須有自己的邏輯主語。如：
Tom being late , the teacher got angry .
(the teacher 不是 being 的邏輯主語，故分詞短語 being late 要有自己的邏輯主語)
The signal given , we started the car .
注意一：動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，邏輯主語不能用名詞的普通格或代詞的主格，分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不能用所有格。試對比：
Rose\'s failing in the exam surprised every one of us . (不可改為 Rose)
Rose failing in the exam , every one of us was surprised . (不可改為 Rose\'s)
He playing tricks on the child , the child got angry . (不可改為 his)
His playing tricks on the child made the child angry . (不可改為 him)
注意二：如果主句的主語也是分詞短語的邏輯主語，該分詞短語不得再帶任何主語，如：
Seeing his parents , the boy couldn\'t help crying .
Swept by the students , the hall looks wider and bigger .
2 . with 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
The murderer was brought in , with his hands ____ behind his back .
A . being tied B . having tied C . to be tied D . tied
［分析］答案為D。
with 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語后可有下列形式：
with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 (現(xiàn)在分詞表主動)
In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person .
with + 賓語 + 過去分詞 (過去分詞表被動)
He sat there with his eyes fixed on the blackboard .
with + 賓語 + 不定式 (表將要發(fā)生的動作)
I can\'t work with you to turn on the radio .
【 動手動腦 】
單元能力立體檢測
請?zhí)钊脒m當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~：
1 . I learned the news of Mr Rabin\'s death on ______ radio , not on ______ TV .
2 . The little girl went into the kitchen with _____ knife and _____ fork .
3 . Would you please go to _____ cinema with me?
4 . The camera was made in _____ United States of America .
5 . I\'m tired of city life . I\'ll go to _____ country for a few days .
6 . US Secretary of State Warren Christopher will travel to _____ Middle East next Monday .
7 . _____ Hague ( 海牙 ) is the capital of _____ Netherlands .
8 . Let me buy you _____ drink .
9 . Do you know who invented _____ electric light?
10 . We must try our best to be useful to _____ society .
11 . She loves _____ music of the seventeenth century .
12 . I love _____ music and _____ photography .
13 . He was elected as _____ President of France in 1995 .
14 . Charlie Chaplin wanted to be _____ tragedy actor but he became _____ comedy actor instead .
15 . What _____ nice weather it is today!
答案及簡析：
1 . the , ×：在 radio 前應(yīng)用定冠詞 the，但在 TV 前則不用冠詞。 2 . ×，×：當(dāng)介詞引導(dǎo)或連詞連接兩個對稱結(jié)構(gòu)時，此結(jié)構(gòu)名稱前都不用冠詞，如 day after day、arm in arm、from top to bottom、with hat and coat。 3 . the：習(xí)慣上在 cinema , theatre 前要用 the。 4 . the：國名前一般不用冠詞，如 in China，但當(dāng)國名中含有普通名詞時要用 the，題中 states 為普通名詞，又如 the People\'s Republic of China。 5 . the：在 country ( 鄉(xiāng)村 ) 、seaside ( 海濱 ) 、mountains ( 山區(qū) ) 等前習(xí)慣上用 the。 6 . the：在某些地名前用 the，如：the Atlantic、the Sahara ( 撒哈拉沙漠 ) 、the Holiday Inn ( 假日飯店 ) 等。 7 . The , the：這是一個非常特殊的情況，與4不同，荷蘭國名及首都名前要用 the。 8 . a : 用 a 表示泛指。a drink 表示一杯飲料。 9 . the：用 the 將 electric light 具體化，在談?wù)摽萍柬?xiàng)目時常用 the 又如：Is it Ford that invented the car? 10 . ×：當(dāng) society 含義為“我們生活的這個社會”時，其前不用冠詞。 11 . the：因?yàn)樵涮刂?7世紀(jì)音樂，故須用定冠詞 the。 12 . ×，×：這里泛指 music、photography。 13 . ×：獨(dú)一無二的職務(wù)名稱前一般不用任何冠詞，又如：John was elected monitor of our class。He\'s president of Beijing University . 但此規(guī)則只適用于職務(wù)名稱作補(bǔ)語的情況，若其作主語則不然，例：The President of the USA , Bill Clinton visited New York yesterday . 14 . a , a：在表示職業(yè)的名稱前不能省去冠詞 ( 與 B 比較 ) 。 15 . ×：what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中如為可數(shù)名詞，不能省略不定冠詞，如：What a beautiful girl!但此句中 weather 為不可數(shù)名詞，其前不能用不定冠詞。
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
請你根據(jù)下面所提供的內(nèi)容，為墻報寫一篇題為“My Devoted ( 忠實(shí)的 ) Friend—Books”的稿件。字?jǐn)?shù)：110左右。
1 . 我五歲時，父母親給我買了很多圖畫書。
2 . 書激起了我對一切的興趣，我與書交了朋友。
3 . 書使我懂得了很多，它告訴我什么是好，什么是壞；它教我如何與別人很好相處。
4 . 當(dāng)我學(xué)習(xí)落后感到失望時，它使我充滿信心 ( confidence ) 。
5 . 總而言之，書使愚蠢的人聰明，使膽小的 ( coward ) 人勇敢，使聰明的人更聰明。
請同學(xué)們把你寫好的答案反饋給我們。
My Devoted Friend—Books
When I was a boy of five , my parents bought me a lot of picture - books . The moving stories aroused my great interest in the world around us . From then on I began to make friends with good books .
As time went on , I came to know a lot of things . It is the books that teach me how to get on well with others . And it is the books that tell me it is good to love others and it is bad for one to think only of oneself .
I once fell behind in my studies and felt disappointed . Again it was the books that gave me courage and confidence .
In a word , books make a foolish bright , a coward man brave and a bright man wiser .
【 同步題庫 】
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1 . They lived _____ .
A . happy B . happy life C . a happy life D . happy lives
2 . You\'d better _____ early at the station _____ getting a ticket .
A . arrive ; to make sure of B . to arrive ; make us
C . get ; to be sure of D . reach ; to be sure about
3 . All the beauty _____ loved by people , whether _____ or _____ .
A . are ; old ; young B . is ; the old ; young
C . is ; old ; young D . have been ; the old , the young
4 . They got home ______ last night , _____ , early this morning .
A . lately ; or B . late ; or rather
C . lately ; otherwise D . late ; however
5 . _____ the sound of the gun , the first runner ______ from their ______ points .
A . On ; began ; start B . Though ; ran ; started
C . At ; shot ; starting D . With , started ; beginning
6 . It\'s very cold today . His nose ______ red ______ cold .
A . turns ; with B . becomes ; on C . gets ; at D . makes ; through
7 . ______ morning exercises will do good _____ your health .
A . To do ; for B . Do ; to C . Doing ; for D . Doing ; to
8 . Fortunately he was not ______ , _____ his leg _____ in the terrible accident .
A . hurt ; and ; broken B . killed ; but had ; injured
C . killed ; or had ; hurting D . hurt ; but had ; injuring
9 . Have the _____ sticks _____ while they are sleeping , or they _____ here .
A . lighted ; burning ; will feel cold
B . lit ; burned ; will feel very cold
C . burned ; lighting ; will have cold
D . lighting ; burning ; will catch cold
10 . Doctors _____ him _____ any more _____ he had to give up _____ his illness .
A . advised ; not to smoke ; and ; smoking because of
B . persuaded ; not to smoke ; and ; smoking because of
C . tried to persuade ; not smoke ; but ; treating
D . persuaded ; don\'t smoke ; but ; getting rid of
11 . The boy , _____ by the noble , died a few days ______ .
A . having been wounded ; late B . wounding ; late
C . wounded ; later D . being wounded ; after
12 . Even during the Spring Festival , she _____ her new book .
A . was kept busy working at B . kept busy working for
C . kept working for D . worked at
13 . After _____ the whole affair , he _____ prison .
A . writing down ; was put in the B . disclosing ; was put in
C . described ; was thrown into D . giving an account of ; was sent to the
14 . _____ by the police , the prisoner did not escape _____ .
A . To be surrounded ; to be caught B . Surrounding ; to run away
C . Being surrounding ; being run away D . Surrounded ; being caught
15 . “I wonder whether you would mind _____ me a favour” .
“_______ . ”
A . to do ; Yes , of course B . doing ; Not at all
C . to do ; Yes , I\'m glad to D . doing ; No , I\'m sorry I can
二、完形填空
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens was ( 1 ) of the greatest writers of England . He was born ( 2 ) the 7th of February , 1812 . His father was a clerk in the city ( 3 ) Portsmouth . There Charles first went to school .
In 1812 the family ( 4 ) to London , where his father ( 5 ) and was put in ( 6 ) . The whole family went to live there . For many years the ( 7 ) building of the prison was the family\'s home . When Charles was only ten years old , he ( 8 ) school and began a lonely and hard struggle with poverty . In order to ( 9 ) the family he ( 10 ) at a factory . He worked from early morning ( 11 ) late at night . He was so unhappy there ( 12 ) years latter he could never speak of the time spent at the factory without pain .
Many years ( 13 ) before Charles returned to school . When he graduated , he became a reporter of ( 14 ) newspaper in London . The work of a reporter led him to ( 15 ) . In 1836 , when only ( 16 ) of age , Charles Dickens wrote his first book , which made him known ( 17 ) in England and in some other countries . From that time ( 18 ) Charles Dickens devoted himself to literature . Among his best known books ( 19 ) “Hard Times” , “David Copperfield”and “Donbey and Son” , all reflecting and criticizing his age . ( 20 ) a deep sympathy for the labouring people of his time , he wrote about them in ( 21 ) of his books , about their misfortunes and their longings for a better ( 22 ) . He also gave us a true picture of the unhappy life of the children in the ( 23 ) . It is this criticism of the vices ( 罪惡 ) of the capitalist system ( 24 ) makes his books so important although he did not call for active struggle ( 25 ) the ruling class .
1 . A . the B . a C . one D . an
2 . A . on B . in C . at D . by
3 . A . in B . with C . between D . of
4 . A . flew B . moved C . travelled D . arrived
5 . A . ran off debt B . ran into debt C . ran for debt D . ran in the debt
6 . A . a prison B . the prison C . prison D . hotel
7 . A . dark B . bright C . white D . black
8 . A . had left B . had left for C . had to leave D . had been left
9 . A . leave B . break away from C . not live in D . help
10 . A . went working B . went to work C . went with work D . went on working
11 . A . till B . to C . towards D . toward
12 . A . when B . which C . what D . that
13 . A . past B . pasted C . passed D . passing
14 . A . the B . a C . an D . one
15 . A . live in his office B . write articles for the newspaper
C . story – writing D . be a rich man
16 . A . twenty - four years B . twenty - four - years
C . twenty - four year D . twenty four year
17 . A . either B . all C . neither D . both
18 . A . of B . in C . on D . by
19 . A . were B . was C . are D . is
20 . A . having B . having been C . has being D . has been
21 . A . little B . few C . much D . many
22 . A . lives B . life C . leave D . live
23 . A . work shop B . workship C . workhouse D . housework
24 . A . that B . which C . what D . who
25 . A . to B . without C . with D . against
三、閱讀理解
Why Did the Bastille Fall?
Why did the fall of the Bastille lead to the surrender of the Monarchy ( 君主政權(quán) ) and the victory of the French Revolution? The fall of the Bastille was brought about because the soldiers guarding it refused to fight the people . Three weeks before two companies of the Garde Francaise had refused to go on duty . Four days later , other soldiers joined the citizens , saying they would never fight the people of Paris . And seventy - five members of the Swiss Guard went over to Revolution just before the Bastille was destroyed .
So de Launay surrendered because his men inside refused to fight . He knew he would get no help from the army outside . So the Bastille fell because te army in Paris joined the citizens , and not because of the bravery of the attackers . Its fall showed the people that the army was with them . From the day it fell , the Monarchy had no choice but to give in .
1 . The Bastille fell because _____ .
A . of the bravery of the attackers B . the army would not help de Launay
C . the soldiers guarding it refused to fight D . the officials gave up
2 . The Monarchy was destroyed _____ .
A . because the Bastille fell
B . because people fought against it
C . without the help from its army both inside and outside
D . because de Launay surrendered
3 . The story mainly explains _____ .
A . how the army took action B . why the French Revolution won
C . how de Launay gave up D . why the Bastille fell
4 . The following sentences tell how the Bastille fell . Which is the right order of the events?
a . Some of the Swixx Guard members changed their stands and took the side of the Revolution .
b . Two companies of soldiers were not willing to be on watch .
c . De Lanuay had to surrender .
d . Other soldiers stood with the citizens .
e . The soldiers guarding it refused to fight the people .
A . d - c - a - e - b B . e - b - d - a - c
C . e - d - a - c - b D . b - d - c - a - f
5 . What\'s the writer\'s attitude ( 態(tài)度 ) towards the problem?
A . He was against the people . B . He was on the side of the people .
C . He did not care for the matter . D . He sided with de Launay .
四、補(bǔ)全對話
M : You don\'t look happy , Cathy . ( 1 ) ?
C : I didn\'t do well in the chemistry test .
M : Really? I could hardly believe you were not doing well in chemistry . I know ( 2 ) . What happened this time?
C : ( 3 ) . I found all the questions quite easy and I finished the test in no time .
M : Yes . It is one of your weaknesses .
C : Yes . ( 4 ) . I made some very stupid mistakes that I shouldn\'t have made .
M : Well , next time ( 5 ) .
C : Yes , I\'ve certainly learned a lesson .
A . You are very good at chemistry
B . What\'s wrong
C . I was too careless
D . you should be more careful
E . you\'re right
F . I feel angry at it
G . I don\'t know
五、單詞拼寫
1 . One day the man got into the _____ ( 城堡 ) in a farmer\'s cart .
2 . This story is about what a _______ ( 革命者 ) did in 1789 .
3 . The old man lived in a poor d ______ in Paris .
4 . Word came that Dr Manette was still a _____ and was living in Paris .
5 . _____ ( 奇怪地 ) , they looked as if they were twins , for they looked so much like each other .
6 . The peasants had to pay heavy t _____ and suffered a great deal from hunger .
7 . What did Dr Manette d _____ in his letter which had been hidden behind a stone in the prison?
8 . He was a sick man , m _____ and physically .
9 . I had thought Mary would be ______ ( 失望 ) , but fortunately she seemed not to mind .
10 . The police are trying to find out the cause of the ______ ( 死 ) of the young man .
答案：一、1—5 C A C B C 6—10 A D B A B 11—15 C A B D B 二、1—5 C A D B B 6—10 C D C B B 11—15 A D C B C 16—20 A D C C A 21—25 D B C A D 三、1—5 C A D C B B 四、1—5 B A C E D 五、1 . castle 2 . revolutionary 3 . district 4 . alive 5 . strangely 6 . taxes 7 . describe 8 . mentally 9 . disappointed 10 . death
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