教育部最新12月英語六級考試改革樣題及答案
12月英語六級考試現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進入了關(guān)鍵備考期，你復(fù)習(xí)得如何了？想要一次性通過英語六級考試的話，歷年真題要認真對待噢。小編整理了六級真題的相關(guān)信息，今天一起來做英語六級真題練習(xí)吧！
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to as the “first-night-effect”. Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain “remained more active” than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.
It was __28__ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a __29__ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any __30__ danger.
The researchers believe this is the first time that the “first-night-effect” of different brain states has been __31__ in humans. It isn’t, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal __32__ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other __33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.
A) classified B) consciously C) dramatically D) exotic E) identified
F) inherent G) marine H) novel I) potential J) predators
K) referred L) species M) specifically N) varieties O) volunteers
26.【解析】K�？崭袂笆窍祫釉~is和副詞often，空格后是不定式to，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞或者動詞的-ed形式。選項referred符合句意。be referred to as為固定搭配，意為“被稱為”。故選K。
27.【解析】O�？崭袂笆敲~詞組the right ears和介詞of ，空格后是系動詞was，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個表示人的名詞，表示所屬關(guān)系。選項volunteers符合句意。故選O。
28.【解析】M�？崭袂笆窍祫釉~was，空格后是動詞的-ed形式observed，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個副詞，修飾observed。選項specifically
符合。故選M。
29.【解析】H�？崭袂笆遣欢ü谠~a；空格后是名詞environment，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞。選項novel符合句意。故選H。
30.【解析】I�？崭袂笆谴~any ，空格后是名詞danger，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞。選項potential符合句意。故選I。
31.【解析】E�？崭袂笆乾F(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞has been ，空格后是介詞詞組in humans，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個動詞的-ed形式。選項identified符合句意。故選E。
32.【解析】L。空格前是名詞animal，空格后是副詞also和動詞display,謂語和賓語完整，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個名詞，與some animal構(gòu)成名詞詞組，作主語。選項species符合句意。故選L。
33.【解析】G�？崭袂笆谴~other，空格后是名詞animals，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個形容詞。選項marine符合句意。故選G。
34.【解析】B。空格前是賓語從句的主語dolphins和副詞always，空格后是謂語動詞control，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個副詞，修飾control。
選項consciously符合句意。故選B。
35.【解析】J�？崭袂笆侵^語動詞look out for，空格后是時間狀語從句while asleep，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個名詞，作表語從句的謂語。
選項predators符合句意。故選J。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent Pool
[A] Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in recent years, and in light of last summer’s U.S. win at the International Math Olympiad (IMO)---the first for an American team in more than two decades—the trend is likely to continue.
[B] But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and white students from middle-class and affluent families, become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward international math recognition. But efforts are in place to expose more black, Hispanic, and low-income students to advanced math, in the hope that the demographic pool of high-level contenders will eventually begin to shift and become less exclusive.
[C] “The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it’s difficult for other people to break into it,” said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year’s winning U.S. Math Olympiad team. Participation grows through friends and networks and if “you realize that’s how they’re growing, you can start to take action” and bring in other students, he said.
[D] Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens outside the confines of the normal school day. Students attend after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes, and university-based “math circles”, to prepare for the competitions.
[E] One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions—including those that eventually lead to the IMO—is a middle school program called Math Counts. About 100,000 students around the country participate in the program’s competition series, which culminates in a national game-show-style contest held each May. The most recent one took place last week in Washington, D.C. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to regional and state competitions. The 224 students who make it to the national competition get an all-expenses- paid trip.
[F] Nearly all members of last year’s winning U.S. IMO team took part in Math Counts as middle school students, as did Loh, the coach. “Middle school is an important age because students have enough math capability to solve advanced problems, but they haven’t really decided what they want to do with their lives,” said Loh. “They often get hooked then.”
[G] Another influential feeder for advanced-math students is an online school called Art of Problem Solving, which began about 13 years ago and now has 15,000 users. Students use forums to chat, play games, and solve problems together at no cost, or they can pay a few hundred dollars to take courses with trained teachers. According to Richard Rusczyk, the company founder, the six U.S. team members who competed at the IMO last year collectively took more than 40 courses on the site. Parents of advanced- math students and Math Counts coaches say the children are on the website constantly.
[H] There are also dozens of summer camps—many attached to universities—that aim to prepare elite math students. Some are pricey---a three-week intensive program can cost $4,500 or more—but most offer scholarships. The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straight to the international championship and is free for those who make it. Only about 50 students are invited based on their performance on written tests and at the USA Math Olympiad.
[I] Students in university towns may also have access to another lever for involvement in accelerated math: math circles. In these groups, which came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends. The Los Angeles Math Circle, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, began in 2007 with 20 students and now has more than 250. “These math circles cost nothing, or they’re very cheap for students to get involved in, but you have to know about them,” said Rusczyk. “Most people would love to get students from more underserved populations, but they just can’t get them in the door. Part of it is communication; part of it is transportation.”
[J] It’s no secret in the advanced-math community that diversity is a problem. According to Mark Saul, the director of competitions for the Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or Hispanic student---and only a handful of girls---has ever made it to the Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence. Many schools simply don’t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?” asked Saul. “The football team, the basketball team---that’s our competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars, parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”
[K] Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of participating in math competitions may not know about advanced-math opportunities like Math Counts—and those who do may not have support or feel trained to lead them.
[L] But there are initiatives in place to try to get more underrepresented students involved in accelerated math. A New York City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a residential summer program aimed at getting underserved students，mostly black and Hispanic, working toward math and science careers. The summer after 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying advanced math for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group helps the students get into other elite summer math programs, high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation.
[M] “If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they’ re primarily centered around ‘Let’s get these kids’ grades up’, and not around ‘Let’s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,’” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program. “We’re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to the program directly through their schools. “We want to reach parents who are not plugged into the system,” said Zaharopol.
[N] In the past few years, Math Counts added two new middle school programs to try to diversify its participant pool---the National Math Club and the Math Video Challenge. Schools or teachers who sign up for the National Math Club receive a kit full of activities and resources, but there’s no special teacher training and no competition attached.
[O] The Math Video Challenge is a competition, but a collaborative one. Teams of four students make a video illustrating a math problem and its real-world application. After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year’s national Math Counts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos. The demographics of that group looked quite different from those in the competition round---of the 16 video finalists, 13 were girls and eight were African-American students. The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot seat---so it’s less intimidating by design. It also adds the element of artistic creativity to attract a new pool of students who may not see themselves as “math people”.
36. Middle school is a crucial period when students may become keenly interested in advanced mathematics.
36.【解析】 F。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞middle school, crucial period, keenly interested in 可定位至原文的F)段。
37. Elite high school math competitions are attracting more interest throughout the United States.
37.【解析】A根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞elite high school math competitions, more interest 可定位至A)段。
38. Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors.
38.【解析】I。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞math circles, professors可定位至I)段。
39. Students may take advantage of online resources to learn to solve math problems.
39.【解析】G。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞online resources 和 solve math problems 可定位至 G)段前兩句。
40. The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn advanced math.
40.【解析】L。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞nonprofit organization, underserved students 可定位至L)段。
41. Winners of local contests will participate in the national math competition for free.
41.【解析】E。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞national math competition, free 可定位至 E)段。
42. Many schools don’t place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.
42.【解析】J。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞academic competitions, priority 可定位至 J)段。
43. Contestants of elite high school math competitions are mostly Asian and white students from well-off families.
43.【解析】B。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Asian and white students from well-off families可定位至B段。
44. Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students’ math scores.
44.【解析】M。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 focus on raising...math scores 可定位至 M)段。
45. Some intensive summer programs are very expensive but most of them provide scholarships.
45.【解析】H。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞expensive, scholarships可定位至H)段。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was preive and imposed on women, willing or not.
In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modem art” would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.
Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel(服裝) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer’s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.
Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.
46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?
A) They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.
B)They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.
C)They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.
D)They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.
【答案】B
【解析】B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞women, designers, American fashion可定位至原文的第一段。因此選B。
47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?
A) It imitated the European model.
B) It laid emphasis on women’s beauty.
C) It represented genuine American art.
D) It was a completely new invention.
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)題目中的'關(guān)鍵詞designer sportswear可定位至原文的第二段。因此選C。
48. What characterized American designer sportswear?
A) Pursuit of beauty. B) Decorative closings.
C) Ease of care. D) Fabric quality.
【答案】C
【解析】C。本題定位至原文的第二段。因此選C。
49. What occurred in the design of women’s apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?
A) A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility. B) The emulation of traditional Parisian design.
C)A search for balance between tradition and novelty.
D)The involvement of more women in fashion design.
【答案】A
【解析】A。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞1930s-40s可定位至第三段。因此選A。
50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?
A)They catered to the taste of the younger generation.
B) They radically changed people’s concept of beauty.
C)They advocated equity between men and women.
D) They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.
【答案】B
【解析】本題定位至最后一段。因此選B。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.
Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks (鸛) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.
In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering(過冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. “For the birds it’s a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in with other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys.
“It’s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die,” said Flack. “And we don’t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet.”
The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.
Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.
Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that’s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗蟲) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “They provide a useful service,” said Flack.
51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?
A) They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.
B)They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.
C)They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.
D)They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞rubbish dumps和wild life ,以及題目順序定位至文章第一段。因此選D。
52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?
A) They can multiply at an accelerating rate.
B) They can better pull through the winter.
C) They help humans kill harmful insects.
D) They are more likely to be at risk of dying.
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞birds following the traditional migration routes 定位至 文章第三段第二句。因此選D。
53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?
A) They may end up staying there permanently.
B) They may eat something harmful.
C) They may evolve new feeding habits.
D) They may have trouble getting adequate food.
【答案】B
【解析】本題定位在文章第三、四段。A、C 項原文未提及，D 項與文中意思相反，故選B。
54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?
A) They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.
B)They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.
C)They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.
D)They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Spanish birds和tagged定位至文章第六段。
故選C。
55. What is scientists’ other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?
A) The potential harm to the ecosystem.
B) The genetic change in the stork species.
C) The spread of epidemics to their homeland.
D) The damaging effect on bio-diversity.
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞scientists’ other concern和做題順序定位至文章最后一段。故選A。
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
明朝統(tǒng)治中國276年，被人們描繪成人類歷史上治理有序、社會穩(wěn)定的最偉大的時代之一。這一時期，手工業(yè)的發(fā)展促進了市場經(jīng)濟和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和絲綢，都在市場銷售。同時，還進口許多外國商品，如時鐘和煙草。北京、南京/揚州、蘇州這樣的大商業(yè)中心相繼形成。也是在明代，由鄭和率領(lǐng)的船隊曾到印度洋進行了七次大規(guī)模探險航行。還值得一提的是，中國文學(xué)的四大經(jīng)典名著中有三部寫于明代。
【答案】The Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, was depicted as one of the greatest eras characterized by good governance and stable society in human history. During this period, the blossom of handicraft industry accelerated the process of market economy and urbanization. A great deal of commodities, wine and silk included, were available on the market. In the meantime, clocks and tobacco products, among many other foreign goods, were imported. Major commercial centers like Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou took shape successively. It was also in the Ming Dynasty that the fleets headed by navigator Zheng He had made seven large-scale expeditions to the Indian Ocean. What’s also noteworthy is that three of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese Literature were written in the Ming Dynasty.
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